是真的 It is really true
你只能探索太阳系一次 that you can only explore the solar system
就是这一次 for the first time once.
啊...旅行者号做到了 Ah... Voyager did that.
怎么可能这么幸运 How could one be so lucky?
这个梦想它成真了 It's a dream and it came true.
五十年后 Fifty years from now,
旅行者号将是 Voyager will be the science project
20世纪的科学项目 of the 20th century.
使命 The mission.
伟大的使命 The big mission.
它向世界打开了我们的视野 It opened our eyes to worlds,
向真实的世界 to real worlds.
从长远来看这将是 This may in the long run be
我们曾经存在过的唯一的证据 the only evidence that we ever existed.
旅行者号对我来说是一部荷马史诗 Voyager to me was Homeric,
这么多年来横跨了整个太阳系 it was years of passing across the solar system
从一颗行星到另一颗行星 from one planet to the other
接着的一两个礼拜 and then it was a week or two
疯狂的活动，发现和征服 of frenzied activity and discovery and conquest
然后，回到船上 and then it was, well, back in the boats,
放下浆刮破水面接着开始下一次的征服 oars in the water and then on to the next conquest.
它就是一个小小的引擎 It is the little engine that could.
沒有人真正知道它是怎么做到的 Nobody really knows how it does it,
但每一个人都会支持它 but everybody's rooting for it.
每一秒钟，它都会旅行到 Every second, it goes to another place
我们从未去过的地方 where we have never been before.
该给旅行者号颁奖了 Voyager takes the cake.
这是最大胆一项任务 It's the most audacious mission.
谁会想到 Who'd have thought
我们其实在1977年就做到了呢 that we'd actually be able to do that in 1977?
1977年，一队科学家和工程师们 In 1977, a team of scientists and engineers
发起了一项充满野心的任务 launched a mission of staggering ambition.
旅行者号探测器 Voyager.
最初是打算旅行到外行星... The initial idea was a grand tour of the outermost planets...
木星，土星，天王星和海王星 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
它们的大气是怎样的 What were their atmospheres like?
它们的卫星呢 Their moons?
在当时，我们对这些世界的了解还很有限 At the time, our knowledge of these worlds was scant.
我们就知道一点点，因为你可以 We knew a little because you can observe
从地球上的望远镜观察到 from the Earth with telescopes.
例如木星我们知道 We knew for example at Jupiter
那里有卫星... that there were moons...
伊奥，欧罗巴，盖尼米得和卡里斯托围绕着它 Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto going around.
我们知道木星上有风 We knew that there were winds on Jupiter,
我们知道木星上的超级大红斑 we knew about the great red spot on Jupiter,
我们知道有辐射被捕获到 we knew that there was trapped radiation,
所以我们知道那里有一个磁场 so we knew there was a magnetic field.
它很大 It was big.
不，我们来想想，我们都知道些什么 No, let's see, what did we know?
我们知道它们都是气态巨行星 We knew they were all gas giants,
主要都是由氢和氦组成 mostly made up of hydrogen and helium
还有一些甲烷 and some methane on the outer planets.
至于土星，我们知道有土星环 For Saturn, we knew about the rings
还知道它的主要卫星 and we knew about the major satellites,
但这​​也没多到哪里去 but hardly anything more than that,
而且一切都还相当模糊 and it was all very fuzzy.
我透过地球上最好的望远镜 I had been staring at these planets
一直在观察这些行星 through some of the best telescopes on Earth,
但我所看到的仍然是模糊的斑点 and yet all I could see was fuzzy blobs.
天文学家们非常努力地 Astronomers had worked pretty hard
想去知道它们的物理构造 to know what the physical make-up was,
那里有一些基本的特征 there were some basic characteristics,
但是它们的本质，它们真实的样子 but their real nature, what they were really made of
构造方式，它们的卫星，都是什么样的 and what the means, moons, were like,
我们都一无所知，只不过匆匆一瞥 we had none of that, just little glimpses.
人类总是充满好奇心 Human beings are a curious bunch.
我们都想知道角落里有什么 We want to know what's around the corner.
我们必须走到下一个弯道 We have to go past that next bend in the road,
我想，这是某种天生内在的驱动力 so it's some sort of innate drive, I think,
我们有这个能力，对于我们这个物种而言 that we have, as a species.
使这项任务成功的关键之一 One of the key things that made this mission possible
是重力助推 was gravity assist.
就是当你飞过木星的時候，转过头来 That is when you fly by Jupiter, you turn the corner
然后借助一点点 and you take a little bit
来自木星轨道的速度 of Jupiter's orbital speed with you.
像弹弓一样 Like a slingshot,
所以你最好确保土星的正确位置 so you better make sure Saturn's in the right place.
外行星所在的位置 The positions of the outer planets
提供了一个机会 presented an opportunity.
一次罕见的整齐队列 A rare alignment meant the time
意味着在穿越太阳系时所需的时间 needed to cross the solar system
能够被削減 could be slashed.
它会去木星 弹弓，土星 弹弓 It would go Jupiter boom, Saturn boom,
天王星 弹弓，海王星 弹弓 Uranus boom, Neptune boom.
行星整齐的队列 The planets had to be lined up in just the right way
允许了一架航天器做到了这一点 to allow one spacecraft to do that.
而且这么整齐的队列很少发生 And that aligning up only occurs rarely.
这只会发生那么一次，就像是百年一遇 That only happens once like once every hundred,
甚至超过一百年 more than a hundred years.
...像这样的事情每175年一次 ...175 years, something like that.
每176年一次 Once every 176 years.
上次发生的时候 The previous time it happened,
还在探索木制帆船 exploration was wooden sailing ships.
这被命名为“外行星之旅” It was named"The Outer Planets Grand Tour,"
任务的成本估计 and the cost of the mission was estimated to be
超过十亿美元 in excess of a billion dollars.
NASA的行政官去见总统 The NASA administrator went to the President,
和他说了最近的一次行星 and he said the last time the planets
整齐排列的时间 were lined up like that,
杰斐逊总统就坐在你的桌子旁边，然后他否定了这个想法 President Jefferson was sitting at your desk, and he blew it.
尼克松先生笑了起来说好吧，只能两个 So, Mr. Nixon laughed and said all right, just do two.
所以，只有两个行星 So, only two planets.
木星和土星之旅正式开始 Jupiter and Saturn were officially a go.
这是一次不重大...但仍然雄心勃勃的旅行 It would be a less grand... but still ambitious... tour.
然而旅行者号的团队 Yet the Voyager team
还没有放弃走得更远的准备 wasn't ready to give up on going farther.
在他们组装飞船的巨大机库里 As they assembled the spacecraft in a giant hangar,
他们当中还有一些保持着秘密的目标 some of them kept a secret goal alive.
我们从一开始就认识到 We knew right from the get-go
我们要尽最大的努力 that we were going to try as hard as we could
将任务延伸至天王星和海王星 to extend the mission to go to Uranus and Neptune.
我们一开始就计划好了 We designed that in from the beginning.
我们知道如果可以用到的话 We knew that we were endowing Voyager with the option
我们会给旅行者号这个机会 if the chance was there to use it.
我们不想在设计中建立任何 We didn't want to build anything into the design
会妨碍我们更进一步的东西 that would have prevented us from going further.
所以，这是任务中任务 So, it was a mission within a mission, yeah.
一群科学家和有远见的人意识到 A group of scientists and visionaries realized
这些航天器将会离开太阳系 that these spacecraft would leave the solar system.
他们认为不应该错过这个机会 They figured don't let this opportunity pass,
你要把一个瓶子扔进海里 you're going to throw a bottle into the ocean.
在里面放个口信 Put a message in it.
我们要告诉聪明的外星人 What would we want to tell intelligent aliens
关于我们星球的一切吗 about our planet?
我们想要告诉他们什么 What would we want to tell them about us?
这个消息的发起者 The driving force behind the message
是天文学家卡尔·萨根 was the astronomer Carl Sagan.
你会期望有谁能在那里找到这个唱片吗 Would you expect someone to find this record out there?
那里会有什么 Is there something out there?
好吧，这个没有人会知道 Well, nobody knows.
有一个很宏大的难题一直都未解決 One of the great unsolved questions
就是我们是否是唯一... is whether we're alone or whether...
卡尔·萨根已经成为了 Carl Sagan has become probably
20世纪末最知名的科学家 the best-known scientist of the late 20th century.
作为科学家，他在众多的 He was a working scientist, he played a key role
NASA行星探索任务中起到了至关重要的作用 in many of the NASA missions to the planets,
包括旅行者 including the Voyager one.
他是旅行者号成像团队的科学家之一 He was one of the scientists on the Voyager imaging team,
也是天文学家更是和大多数人一样 but he also was the astronomer who as much as any one person
并使外星生命的研究变得可信 made the study of extraterrestrial life credible.
来自Thomas Carlyle的评论 A comment by Thomas Carlyle,
一个有些脾气的老兄 a somewhat crusty old fellow
这是他对着星星说的话 who upon thinking about the stars said,
“一个令人悲伤的景象 "A sad spectacle.
如果他们居住在那里，是多么的不幸和愚蠢 If they be inhabited, what a scope for misery and folly.
如果他们没有住在那里...又是多么的浪费空间” If they be not inhabited... what a waste of space."
卡尔·萨根是我的好朋友 Carl Sagan was a good friend of mine,
我打电话给他说 and I called him up and said,
“嘿，你乐意帮助我们 "Hey, would you be willing to undertake
搞出一些什么东西 to come up with something
让我们带上旅行者号探测器吗” for us to put on the Voyager spacecraft?"
他说：“是的，当然可以” He says, "Yes, sure."
然后他告诉我他需要25,000元 And he told me he could do it for 25,000 bucks,
那么我就批准他去做了 so I authorized him to go ahead and do it,
然后这事我就不插手了 and I sort of was hands-off at that point.
“金唱片”跟随着 The Golden Record followed in the footsteps
先驱者镀金铝板的脚步 of a project called the Pioneer plaque.
先驱者号航天器上有一些 The Pioneer spacecraft had some line drawings
由男女形态的线条形成的图案 of a male and female form,
有的人彻底失去理智了 and some people went absolutely bonkers.
我不知道你看到过没有 I don't know if you've seen it,
但它是你可以想象到的最平常的东西 but it's the most innocent thing you can imagine,
然而还是引起了很大的骚动 and it caused a lot of commotion.
但是我认为这真的很棒 But I thought that was great.
本来卡尔认为他们会再做一个牌匾 At first Carl thought they'd simply do another plaque,
有可能还会刻更多的信息 maybe with some more information,
但是法兰克·德雷克... but Frank Drake...
一位杰出的理论物理学家 a brilliant theoretical physicist
而且是个很有实践能力的人 but also a very hands-on kind of guy,
他想出了一个主意 he came up with the idea
对于同样的重量和空间 that for the same amount of weight and space,
你可以发送留声机唱片 you could send a phonograph record.
真正参与过旅行者项目的人 The people who actually did the science part of Voyager
总是嫉妒和生气 are always jealous and mad
因为“金唱片”的关注程度 because the Golden Record gets more attention
比他们探索太阳系外行星 than all the wonderful things they did
以及所有奇妙的事情都要多 exploring the outer planets of the solar system
除了冥王星 except Pluto and all that.
但主要关注的还是“金唱片” But the main attention goes to the Golden Record.
因为气氛都环绕着 Because of the aura that surrounds anything to do
外星智能生命 with extraterrestrial intelligent life,
任何一种与外星生命联系的努力 any kind of effort to contact extraterrestrial life
都比知道什么化学成分抑或是 is more fascinating than knowing the chemical makeup
火星矿物等都更引人入胜 of a mineral on Mars or something.
这是老式的黑胶唱片 The record is an old-style LP recording.
唯一的区别就在于它是金属 The only difference is it's on metal,
这样的话就能保存很长一段时间 and that's so it will last a long time.
而且它是以半速进行录制 And it was recorded at half-speed
所以总共给了我们两个小时 so that gave us two hours of total time.
一小时专门录制音乐 An hour and a half of it was devoted to music
而另外一小时包含了 and the other half hour contains
其它所有的数据和记录 all of the other data on the record,
地球的自然之声，口语问候 the natural sounds of Earth, the spoken greetings
以及被编码的地球照片 and the encoded photographs of Earth.
很多人问的问题之一 One of the first questions a lot of people ask
就是，他们永远都不了解如何去播放它 is, well, they'll never figure out how to play it.
事实上，我们在这个 And in fact, we included
包装盒中包括了一个胶片盒和唱针 a cartridge and stylus in the package with the record,
还有唱片封面上的图案 and the drawing on the cover of the record shows the method
然后将唱针放在唱片上 by which the stylus is to be placed on the record.
也许写给他们的东西 Maybe what's written on it
看起来像是幼稚园的涂鸦 will seem like kindergarten scribbles to them,
如果他们有聪明的脑袋的话 but they should be able to figure it out
也许他们能够理解这些图案 if they've got some smart minds or whatever's in their heads,
如果他们也有脑袋 if they even have heads.
我觉得有趣的是 What I find interesting
保护它在旅程中避免 is to protect it from the dust
灰尘和微小颗粒 and tiny particles of the journey,
他们盖上盖子 they put a cover over it,
在上面刻上地球的位置 and on the cover was engraved the location of Earth,
我们的太阳系 our solar system,
以及不同方位的脉冲星定位 in terms of its direction from different pulsars.
很多人都说，你为什么要这样做 A lot of people said, well, why would you do that?
我说你是什么意思 I said what do you mean?
他们说，为什么要宣布你所在的位置 They say, well, why would you announce where you are,
因为有外星人的外面 you know, because there are aliens out there,
也许会来袭击地球并将我们当成食物 that probably raid planets and use them for food
或者让我们成为它们的奴隶 or eat the people or make them slaves.
如果找到它们 You know, if they find it,
发现它们的科技比我们更先进 their technology is probably more advanced than ours,
它们会来到这里并摧毁我们 they'll come here and destroy us,
所以你为什么要这样做 so why would you do something like that.
为什么这些人会暴露自己 Why would these people expose themselves
贪婪的欲望 to our voracious appetite?
他们一定要非常的毫无私心 They must be very altruistic, you know?
1972年，这项任务的准备工作正在进行中 In 1972, preparation for the mission got underway.
就像其他伟大的探索之旅... Other great journeys of discovery...
麦哲伦，哥伦布，达·伽马... by Magellan, Columbus, Da Gama...
以及所有的船舶 all involved more than one ship.
而旅行者号也将如此 And so would Voyager.
两艘航天器将被会被组装而成...两个成功的机会 Two spacecraft would be built... two chances for success.
我最佩服的事情之一 One of the things I just admire most
就是建造旅行者号的工程师们 about the engineers who built Voyager
他们总是一直在考虑那些 is that they're always thinking
最不可能发生的事情 about the most improbable things happening.
当你带着这些人 You know, you want to take those people
和你一起去野营，他们就会想到... on a camping trip with you because they will think of...
好吧，你必须带上这个... well, you've got to bring...
什么如果这些问题出现了，什么如果帐篷被淹了 what if these bugs come out, what if the tent gets flooded,
什么如果你的瓦斯用完了 what if you run out of gas,
如果你不能开火了 what if you can't start the fire, you know.
他们的意思是如果有人 They're the what if people,
或者当你把某些东西发射到太空 and when you're sending something out into space
你不能去维持它，也不能把它带回来 you can't go do a service call, you can't bring it back,
所以你的“如果”列表最好足够的长 so your what if list had better be like that long
否则你将无法生存下去 or you're not going to be able to survive.
这个项目 These projects begin
从概念化阶段开始了 with a conceptualization period.
我们如何布置航天器 How do we arrange the spacecraft,
我们如何使用通讯系统 how do we take the communications system,
这个直径大12英尺的固定天线 this large 12-foot diameter fixed antenna,
以及推进系统又该怎么安排 and arrange it relative to the propulsion system?
航天器就像是一个孩子 The spacecraft took on the dimension of being a child,
而我们的设计团队，就像父母一样 and our design teams, you know, were like kind of parents.
这就像一个培育过程 This was actually a nurturing process.
最终把这个孩子养育成人 Bringing that child, if you will, into reality.
所有的航天器基本上都有着同样的材料 All spacecraft are made basically of the same things,
硅和铝，就是这些 silicon and aluminum, that's about it.
大概是95％ You know, that's probably 95% of it.
硅和铝便宜 Silicon and aluminum is cheap
一直到你把做它出来 until you start making stuff out if it, you know.
1972年那时正是技术冻结 1972 was when you had the technology freeze,
记得我们是在1977年发射的 remember we launched in 1977,
所以你的技术在那几年里很难有发展 so you freeze technology several years earlier,
当时世界上最大型的电脑 and at the time the biggest computers in the world
和今天的某一样东西差不多 were comparable to the kinds of things
我们的口袋里就有 we have in our pockets today,
我不是在说手机 and I'm not talking about a cell phone.
我是在说车钥匙 I'm actually talking about a key fob.
70年代的技术出了什么问题 What's wrong with 70s technology?
我的意思是，你看看我，我是一个30年代的工艺，对吧 I mean, you're looking at me, I'm a 30s technology, right?
我不会为我们当时 I don't apologize for the limitations
工作受到的限制而道歉 that we were working with at the time.
我们没有获得我们该得到的技术 We milked the technology for what we could get from it.
旅行者号约有800公斤 Voyager is about 800 kilograms.
其主天线的直径为12英尺 Its main antenna is 12 feet in diameter,
是我们可以做出的最大的天线 which was the largest we could launch.
这个机身 There's this body,
这个有十个面的东西称作总线 this ten-sided can called the bus,
包含了所有的电子设备 and that's got all the electronics and the computers.
这些像武器一般的东西附加在它身上并全部都向外延伸 And that's got these arms and these appendages that stick out.
它的这些脚连接着火箭 It has these feet that connected it to the rocket
然后一只很长的手臂 and then a really long arm
这里还有个磁场传感器 with a magnetic field sensor on it over here
另一只手臂上有一个钚电源 and another arm over there with this plutonium power supply
用来给它供电 to give it its electricity.
你要保持着电池和航天器的距离 You can't keep that too close to the spacecraft
因为它的辐射对航天器不利 because it will radiate the spacecraft.
而另一只手臂上的设备 And another arm with this device
有一些其它的仪器和相机 that had the cameras and other instruments on it
就像眼睛一样，可以看到周围的一切 that could point around, kind of like the eyes,
而大大的天线就像它的耳朵 and the big antenna was the ears.
我们有十一个科学仪器 We had eleven scientific instruments
窥视着外面所有的一切 peeking out to see what's out there.
当一切都完全延伸到 When everything is fully extended
其最大的尺寸时 to its greatest dimensions,
它的大小跟一辆小型校车的差不多 it's comparable in size to sort of a small school bus.
在我们的星球它可能是很奇怪的样子 A strange-looking being for our planet,
但在太空中它就是完美 but perfectly happy in space.
贝多芬的《第五交响曲》 Beethoven's Fifth Symphony
作为二十七首音乐之一 was one of twenty-seven pieces of music
被选进了“金唱片”中 chosen for the Golden Record.
我成为了我职业生涯中唯一一个唱片制作人， I became the producer of only one record in my career,
而且只有两份拷贝 and only two copies of it were made,
都将被扔出地球 and they were both hurled off the earth,
所以我不知道这算不算是凭证 so I don't know if that's a credential or not.
旅行者号的发射时限已经定下来了 The launch window for Voyager was set.
他们肯定不会等到唱片录完的 and they sure as hell weren't going to wait for the record.
我们有六个星期的时间来完成 We had six weeks to do it,
这让我们快喘不过气来了 that's what always draws the biggest gasp,
你必须想出一个向外星人解释世界的方案 that you had to figure out a way to explain the world to aliens,
再说一次必须在六个星期内完成 and by the way it has to be finished in six weeks.
我们做“金唱片”有两个目标 We had two goals in making the Voyager record,
我们希望音乐可以代表 we wanted the music to represent
世界各地不同的文化 many different cultures around the world
而不仅仅是建造和发射 and not just the culture of the society
航天器这样的文化 that had built and launched the spacecraft.
另外就是希望它是一个很好的记录 The other criterion was we wanted it to be a good record.
这是一个非常特别的消息 It's a very idiosyncratic message.
这似乎不像是委员会会做的 It doesn't seem like something made by a committee.
这太诡异了 It's too quirky.
如果你听旅行者号的“金唱片”时 If you listen to the Voyager record,
你将听到一写相当特别的 it would be remarkable if you didn't hear some pieces of music
和你以往听过的有所不同的音乐 that were quite unlike anything you had heard before.
日本的“尺八” The Japanese shakuhachi piece
十六岁的俾格米女孩的歌声 or the sixteen-year-old pygmy girl singing
称为创始曲 what's called an initiation song,
一种青春期的歌曲 a kind of puberty song,
在非洲伊图里森林里是令人难以置信的美丽 in the Ituri forest of Africa is just unbelievably beautiful.
有一定的数量 There was a certain amount
都会在这里或那里寻找一些罕见的来记录 of hunting up rare records here and there.
我记得在纽约一家印度的家电商店背面 I remember the back of an Indian appliance store in New York
他们那边有一些印度的唱片 where they had some Indian records,
而且有一份拷贝的“拉加” and there was one copy of a raga
然后我们就把它录了下来 that we ended up putting on the record.
我很想有一首鲍勃·迪伦的作品 I would love to have had a Bob Dylan piece.
但剩下的空间真的很有限 But really there's only room
最多只容得下一个当代摇滚的作品 for at most one contemporary rock piece.
但你知道你面对的是查克·贝里的《Johnny B. Goode》 But you know you're up against Chuck Berry's Johnny B. Goode,
鲍勃·迪伦他自己也认为这是首非常好的歌 which Bob Dylan himself would admit is an awfully good single.
世界上充满了美妙的音乐 The world is full of fantastic music,
更不用说还有很多伟大的音乐 and it goes without saying there's a lot more great music
但都不在“金唱片”上 that's not on the Voyager record than there is on it.
这也是一件好事 Which is a good thing, too,
我的意思是，想像你生活的星球上 I mean, if you imagine living on a planet
可悲得就只有那么 that was so pathetic
90分钟像样的音乐 that it only had 90 minutes of decent music.
1977年的夏天 In the summer of 1977,
两次发射的准备工作在佛罗里达州开始了 final preparations for two launches began in Florida.
当它准备发射时 When it was launched,
它是折叠起来的，就像折纸一样 it was of course all folded up, it was like origami.
这几乎是出人意料的封装 Here was this almost unexpected encapsulation.
我的意思是，我们知道我们都会封装 I mean, we knew that we were going to be encapsulated,
但感性上来说这真的很令人感到意外 but the emotional effect on that was kind of surprising,
我注意到了并环顾了四周 I noticed that in just looking around me.
我意识到这是我们中的任何一个人 I realized that this was the last time
最后一次亲眼看见航天器了 any of us were going to see the spacecraft with eyes.
而且，这是一个... And, um, that's a f...
这是一个相当激动人心的经历 that's a fairly moving experience.
记者聚集在了卡纳维拉尔角 Journalists converged on Cape Canaveral
执行着将影响其一生的任务 to cover a once in a lifetime mission.
记者来到发射台 When the reporters came to the launch,
他们想知道更多关于“金唱片”的讯息 they all wanted to know more about the record.
大部分的新闻稿图纸 Most of the press release drawings
都只显示了航天器的其它部分 show the other side of the spacecraft
所以你看不到“金唱片” so you can't see the record.
在这方面NASA总是模棱两可 There was always a lot of ambiguity in NASA about this.
毫无疑问，旅行者号的“金唱片” There's no question that the Voyager record is useless
从科学的角度来看徒劳无益 from a scientific standpoint,
官员们毫不情愿地安排了新闻发布会 and the officials reluctantly arranged a press conference.
这个发布会简直就是个笑话 The press conference was a joke really.
它是在一间旅馆的房间里举行的 It was held in a hotel room
由一个手风琴式折叠的屏障隔开 separated by one of those accordion folding barriers
这样说吧，我没记错的话 from what was literally, as memory serves me,
它就像是一次波兰婚礼招待会 a Polish wedding reception.
我们做的整个新闻发布会 We did the whole press conference
用的都是隔壁婚礼接待的铜管乐器 with the oompah sound of a wedding reception next door.
但我想大家都应该很满足 But I think the public seemed to get it.
环境控制，准备 Environmental control, ready.
就绪 Roger.
实际上我们先发射了旅行者2号 We actually launched Voyager 2 first,
而这让媒体，呃，快把他们逼疯了 and this gave the media, uh, drove them nuts.
我稍后发射了旅行者1号 We launched Voyager 1 later,
但它是在更快的轨道上发射的 but it was launched on a faster trajectory,
所以它在1977年十二月份超过了旅行者2号 so it overtook Voyager 2 in December of 1977.
从那时起，旅行者1号 From that point on, Voyager 1
在旅行者2号之前就已经到达了星球 always got to the planet before Voyager 2,
然后新闻界就开心了，他们终于明白了 and the press was happy, they understood it.
我们刚刚收到了一份来自 We have just had a report
旅行者号项目经理约翰·卡萨尼的报告 from John Casani, the Voyager project manager,
我们可以在10:25开始倒计时 that we'll be able to count down at 10:25.
经过五年的规划 After five years of planning,
这个组装了65,000个配件 the assembly of the spacecraft's 65,000 parts
和无数次数学计算的航天器 and untold mathematical calculations,
这一切都将归结成一个点 it all came down to this.
5，4，3，2，1 Five, four, three, two, one.
我们点火了，我们起飞了 We have ignition and we have lift-off.
你看到那些固体燃料点燃 You see those solids ignite,
并且你不知道即将要发生什么 and you are really not prepared for what's about to occur.
然后声波赶上，接着强烈的震动 The sound waves then catch up and then this forceful shaking,
实际上身体能与这些能量产生共鸣 the body is actually moved in resonance with this energy,
呼!!! 颤动吧 shaking it, right.
我们坐在露天看台上 We were sitting in bleachers,
他们让你远离运载火箭 and they keep you pretty far from the launch vehicle
因为它们会爆炸，而且基本上，它就是个大炸弹 because they can explode, and it's basically, it's a big bomb.
所以有那么一点点 So there's a little bit
要屏住你的呼吸并确保你能 of holding your breath and wanting to make sure you see it
看到它从发射台到进入太空的那个小动作 get that first little motion off the pad starting into space.
我们都有这个想法 We were all thinking this thought.
它走了，它将在那里代表我们 There it goes, it's going to be out there to represent us
在接下来的五十亿年里 for the next five billion years.
那里爆发出一阵喜悦 There were outbursts of joy.
我们在路上 We were on our way!
然后我们发射了它 And then we launched it,
然后其他事情就狂热了起来 and then other things went crazy.
航天器开始工作了 The spacecraft began to do things
没想到我们可以做得到 that we had no expectation that it would have done.
旅行者号不能控制自己 Voyager was not in control of itself,
它只是骑着个大火箭 it's just riding this big rocket,
以这样的方式摇晃它 and that was shaking it in such a way
它就以为发生了错误 that it thought it was failing,
于是它开始关闭各种匣子 and so it started switching off various boxes,
改为备份到这，备份到这 changing to the back-up this, to the back-up that.
试图搞清楚都发生了什么 Trying to figure out why all this stuff was happening.
随着运载火箭离开发射台 As the launch vehicle leaves the launchpad,
它必须经过一定的滚动角度 it has to roll through a certain angle
以取得正确的方向 to get to the right direction for departure,
而且它的最高速度 and the rate that it rolls at is a much higher rate
比通常会遇到的航天器的最高速度要高得多 than the spacecraft would ever normally experience flying,
所以陀螺仪被撞停了 and so the gyro hits the stops.
我们地球上可怜的人们 Us poor people on Earth,
我们这是在做什么 we're like what is it doing?
这几天感觉真的很令人窒息 For a couple of days it was a real nail-biter.
人们问我们，你是否丢失了航天器 People were asking us, have you lost the spacecraft
我们会说我们不知道 and we would say we don't know for sure
因为我们真的不知道 because we didn't know for sure.
标题：“空中的叛变” And the headline read "Mutiny in Space".
旅行者号已经做出决定了 The Voyager spacecraft had decided
它只是不再想遵循 it just didn't want to follow the instructions
人类发给它的指令 that its human controllers were giving it
而它将会去做它想要做的事情 and it was going to do what it wanted to do.
所以在任务的早期就像是，噢，天啊 So early in the mission it's like, oh, man,
这个任务会饱受问题的困扰吗 is this mission going to be plagued with problems?
设计上有哪些基本的缺陷吗 Is there some fundamental flaw in the design?
真的是头上的达摩克利斯之剑啊 That was a cliff hanger.
这个任务要结束了 That was the end of the mission.
这任务可能会结束 It could have been the end of the mission.
幸运的是 Fortunately, the person
编写代码的人 who had written that code
他说这还行，它是这样做的，它尝试了这样 was able to say this is OK, it's doing this, it tried that,
这样做的，它试图让别人冷静下来 it's doing this, it tried that and calm everyone else down.
范围设置得太紧了 The limits were set simply too tight.
它需要摆动得更多和震动得更多 It needed to be able to wiggle more and vibrate more.
终于稳定了，旅行者2号正飞往木星 Finally stabilized, Voyager 2 was bound for Jupiter.
旅行者1号正在加速 The launch of Voyager 1 was coming up fast,
所以整个团队都忙着 so the team scrambled
校准航天器软件 to fine-tune the spacecraft's software
避免再次叛变 to head off another mutiny.
随着发射窗口的关闭 With the launch window closing soon,
旅行者1好终于起飞了 Voyager 1 finally took off.
但火箭是一门艰辛的学问 But rocket science is famously complicated.
半人马座6，泰坦半人马座6 Centaur 6, Titan Centaur 6
已从8:56 has lifted off at 8:56 from here
在卡那维拉尔角空军基地起飞... at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station...
就当我们想着一切都很正常 We're thinking everything's OK,
接着我们就开始听到有些不对劲了 and then we begin to hear that something wasn't right.
我看着他 I looked over at him
他看起来好像有点担心 and he looked like he was a little worried, you know.
我说的怎么回事了，查理 And I said what's the matter, Charley?
他说我不知道 And he says I don't know,
我认为我们不会成功了 I don't think we're going to make it, you know.
推进剂管路有泄漏 There was a leak in the propellant line,
我们正在失去推进剂 and we were losing propellant overboard,
所以在它燃烧的时候 so while it was burning,
推进剂从运载火箭上脱落 propellant was escaping from the launch vehicle
在第二级时没提供到足够的推力 and second stage never got to deliver its full thrust
因为都烧完了 because it ran out of fuel.
所以，上一级的半人马座的... And so, the upper stage which was a Centaur...
液态氢和氧气... liquid hydrogen and oxygen stage...
不得不补完 had to make up for that.
半人马座这一级 And the Centaur is the stage
需要引导 that's doing the guidance,
所以半人马座知道 so the Centaur knows
它没有达到所需速度 that it's not reaching the required velocity,
当它在第二级分离时 and when it separates from the second stage
它知道它必须燃烧得更久来增加更多的速度 it knows it has to burn longer to add more velocity.
半人马座不得不使用 The Centaur had to use
1,200磅额外的推进剂 1,200 pounds of extra propellant.
现在我们都在想 Now we're all thinking
会有足够的燃料留在油罐里 is it going to have enough left in the tanks
还是会全部耗尽 or is it going to run out of fuel?
幸运的是，在燃料耗尽之前 Fortunately, it had three and a half seconds of thrusting left
它还有三秒半作最后的冲刺 before it had run to fuel depletion.
三秒半 Three and a half seconds,
所以旅行者1号刚刚好做到了 so Voyager 1 just barely made it.
它不会有足够的速度 It wouldn't have gotten enough velocity
去木星的 to get to Jupiter, you know,
所以不去木星了 so instead of getting to Jupiter, you know,
我们几乎就到木星了 we'd have gotten almost to Jupiter
然后又回到了太阳 and then we'd come back toward the sun,
这就不太好了 which would not have been good.
于是，有人认为 And then of course, you know, there's the thought
我们管不了这件事了 that it's out of our hands.
现在这个任务即将展开了 Now the major reason for this mission was about to unfold,
那就是科学 that is the science.
但作为守护者，作为祖先的角色，作为... But our role as keepers, as progenitors, as...
我们的角色已经完成了 our role had been finished.
感谢数百名世界顶尖的 Thanks to the dedicated work
科学家和工程师们专业的工作 of hundreds of the world's best scientists and engineers,
孪生旅行者号终于踏上了它们的奥德赛 the twin Voyagers had at last embarked on their odyssey
并将跨越太阳系 across the solar system.
第一站距离木星4亿英里 The first leg was almost 400 million miles to Jupiter.
你永远无法想象... You can never really imagine...
你可以试试，但你永远无法想象 you can try, but you can never really imagine
当你到达那里后，大自然母亲的本质 what mother nature will actually have in store
究竟都有些什么 when you get there.
值得一提的是，人类之前 It's worth realizing that a human life ago,
不到100年前，87年前 less than 100 years ago, 87 years ago,
宇宙由一个星系组成 the universe consisted of one, of one galaxy,
我们的银河系 our Milky Way galaxy,
在一个永恒静止的真空空间中 in a static eternal universe with eternal empty space.
在一个人的一生之中 We didn't know about the other hundred billion galaxies
我们都还不知道其他千亿个的星系 a single human lifetime ago.
1979年1月 In January 1979,
旅行者1号首次与行星相遇 Voyager 1 was coming up on its first planetary encounter,
而旅行者2号则在四个月后到达 and Voyager 2 was four months behind.
时间似乎过的很快 It seems like time really flew.
我不认为我们真的理解 I don't think we really fully understood
在与木星第一次相遇之前 before the first Jupiter encounter
这是有多么的紧张 just how intense it was going to be.
不，我们没有 No, we didn't.
我们发现了 We found out.
你在1972年开始做这项任务 You start working on a mission in 1972,
你在1977年发射，所有这一切都没有科学 you launch in 1977, all of that there's no science,
所有这一切都准备好了 it's all getting ready.
然后79年三月...如洪水般泛滥 And then March '79... the flood.
遇到了，悄悄地迫近你 The encounters, they creep up on you.
当我们接近时，每拍的一张照片 When we were approaching, every picture
都是木星最好的照片 was the greatest picture ever taken of Jupiter.
起初 In the beginning,
它还只是小小的一个点 it would be just a little dot
现在每天在屏幕上慢慢的变大 getting bigger on the screen every day,
随着我们越靠越近 and as we would get closer and closer
图像就变得更加的戏剧化 the images became more dramatic.
极其陌生和美丽 Incredibly strange and beautiful,
而旅行者正展现出其辉煌 and now by Voyager revealed in all of its splendor.
当你加快速度接近时 That acceleration as you're approaching encounters
真的是非常非常令人兴奋 is really something that becomes very, very exciting.
我们叫它从消防水管里喝水 We called it drinking out of a fire hose, you know,
你尝试着想喝一小口 you're trying to take a little sip,
然后这个数据如洪流一般涌出 and this torrent of data is coming out.
有些人在猜 Would someone care to speculate
如果伽利略今天走进这间房间 what you would say to Galileo Galilei
你会对他说什么吗 if he walked into the room today?
怎...怎么，你怎么会活得这么久 How... how, how are you able to live so long?
我认为伽利略... I think Galileo...
木星的直径是地球的十倍多 Jupiter is more than ten times the diameter of Earth,
它很巨大，而它大部分都是氢和氦 it's huge, and it's mainly hydrogen and helium,
这些行星上没有实体的表面 there are no solid surface on these planets.
它们都是液体，里面都是气体和液体 These planets are liquid, gas and liquid deep inside.
气体被压缩 The gas is compressed
你就距离越远 the farther down you go,
而且它变得很热 and it gets very hot indeed
事实上你可能会融化，蒸发 and you would melt, vaporize, in fact,
如果你试图飞越木星的话 if you tried to fly through Jupiter.
先让我对你的发言稍作修改 Let me first modify your statement,
并不是说它错了... not that it was wrong...
气象学家获得了长期的观察 The atmospheric scientists got long-range views
因为我们没有看到小卫星 because we weren't looking at tiny moons,
我们正在看着这个大星球 we were looking at the big planet,
所以我们看到的事情 and so we could see things going on
在其他团体看到之前 before the other groups could see things,
我们总是第一个开始大喊 and we were always the first to start shouting.
即使到现在我们也做不到彩色探测器 Even to this day we don't fly color detectors.
你得到一张更高分辨率的黑白图像 You get a much higher-resolution image in black and white,
所以当我们要制作成彩色时 and so when we want to make color,
我们就将它们通过不同的滤光器 we take them through different filters
接着就把它们一起放到地面上 and then on the ground you put it together
并从中制作出一张彩色图像 and make a color image out of it.
你去到木星 You go to Jupiter
那里有一场超过300年的风暴 and you have a storm that's been around for more than 300 years,
那就是大红斑 that's the Great Red Spot.
你可以在里面放置两个或三个地球 You could fit two or three Earths inside it.
当旅行者开始靠近拍照时 When Voyager started getting close-up images,
我们意识到它非常的活跃 we realized that it was very active,
这些不稳定的气流 and that deepened the mystery
加深了这些大风暴 of how these big storms could even exist
存在的神秘面纱 with all this turbulence going on.
这是吞噬云层然后又吐出来 It was swallowing up clouds and spitting out others.
我们知道这是一个漩涡，但看到它在运动... We knew that it was a vortex, but to see it in action...
木星活跃的环境 Another feature of Jupiter's dynamic environment
对旅行者号构成很大的威胁 posed a great danger to Voyager.
强大的辐射会破坏航天器的电子设备 Powerful radiation might destroy the spacecraft's electronics.
每天你都在琢磨 Every day you're wondering
我们的航天器造得足够好了吗 did we build the spacecraft well enough?
我们预料到了所有 Did we anticipate all the possible things
可能出现的问题吗 that could go wrong?
你接近这个怪物的磁场 You're approaching this monster magnetic field,
这个怪物故意的辐射环境 this monster radiation environment on purpose,
因为你需要靠近因为你想要看到 because you need to get close because you want to see
所有的小卫星和云层以及风暴 all the little moons and the clouds and the storms
你想弹射到土星 and you want to slingshot on to Saturn,
但你只是不知道你还要生存下去 but you just don't know if you're going to survive.
一切都会瓦解，你会失去任务 Thing gets fried, you lose the mission.
也许机身仍然完好无损 Still out there physically intact probably,
但无法进行沟通，任务结束 but unable to communicate with it, the mission's over.
运送到卡纳维拉尔角发射的前两个月 Two months before shipping to the Cape for launch,
科学家们预测 the scientists were predicting
木星周围的磁场强烈到 that the magnetic fields around Jupiter
足够加速粒子 were intense enough that they would accelerate particles.
哇哦！我们最初听到的是40,000伏 Whoa! We were hearing initially 40,000 volts,
这可能是我们的航天器的尽头啊 that would be the end of our spacecraft.
这些附属物的布线是导体 Cabling on these appendages were conductors
可能会将这些具有破坏性的脉冲 that would take these destroying pulses
带进我们的系统并杀死我们 and just feed them right into our systems and kill us,
所以我们需要削减一切 so we needed to ground everything.
我们没有时间 We didn't have time
来进行正常的设计评审 to go through the normal design reviews,
所以为了尽快完成这项保护工作 so in order to get this protection done quickly enough,
成立了一个特设小组 an ad hoc team was formed
做了一些特别事情 and we did some things that were out of the ordinary,
非常的特别 very out of the ordinary.
我记得要求过一位技术人员 I can remember asking one of the technicians
去买铝箔 to go out and buy aluminum foil.
这是我们唯一可以用的材料 It was the only material that was available to us.
通常我们采购航天器的硬件材料时 Normally our procurement of spacecraft hardware supplies,
选择材料，是比较复杂的过程 materials, are a much more sophisticated process.
实际上我们将一整条铝箔进行裁剪 We're actually cutting continuous strips
然后用抹布和酒精进行清洗 and then cleaning them with wipes and alcohol
最后将它们都包裹在所有的电缆外面 and then finally wrapping these on all of our exterior cabling,
对，和你家包圣诞火鸡的材料一样 but yeah, same material that's in your Christmas turkey.
我不认为我们本身造成了任何的不足 I don't think we created any shortage per se.
可能是当地的 It may have been a local shortage
杂货店缺货 in the local grocery store for a few days
直到他们重新上架 until they reordered right.
你的火鸡包装正在保护着旅行者号 Your turkey wrapping is protecting Voyager,
那么回到之前的问题 and now fast forward, you know,
我们是否知道我们做得够好了 did we know whether we had done enough?
旅行者号幸免于难 Voyager survived the onslaught
并继续发射着新的信号 and went on to record signals that led to a discovery.
如果你有合适的天线 If you had the right kind of antennas
你可以出去听听我们记录的内容 on your ears, you could go out and hear what we record.
我叫他们留意无线电的声音 I'm going to call them radio sounds
因为我们要用天线来检测 because we have to detect them with antennas.
惊讶的是，我们听到了所有种类的声音 Amazingly we heard all kinds of sounds.
口哨声 Whistlers.
像这样：咻~~~ These things that go, like that.
是的，口哨声意味着闪电 Yeah, whistlers mean lightning.
木星上的闪电 There are lightning flashes at Jupiter
从美国的 that would go halfway
东海岸的中部 from the east coast of the United States
一直闪到西海岸 to the west coast.
这是首次在地球以外的 That was the first detection of lightning
行星上发现的闪电 on a planet other than Earth.
孪生旅行者号准备研究 The two Voyagers were poised
木星的卫星 to study Jupiter's little known moons.
透过木星的重力助推获得了 Having picked up 36,000 miles an hour
每小时36,000英里的速度 from Jupiter's gravity assist,
航天器正在快速行驶 the spacecraft were now traveling fast.
当你进行飞越任务时 When you're on a flyby mission,
没有第二次机会 there ain't no second chance.
我们收到的拍照 We were getting pictures,
它们越来越好 they were getting better and better,
而且你开始看到细节 and you could begin to see detail
这些卫星变得更大了 as these moons got bigger.
你知道你恐惧的是你不希望看到 You know the dread you have is that you don't want to see
很多世界看起来像地球的月亮 a lot of worlds that look like Earth's moon.
让我们来面对现实吧 Let's face it, it's dull.
我想大家都认为它们 I think everyone figured they would be
像是刚被打破的冰球 just battered ice-balls, you know,
就像月球的高地 kind of like the highlands of the moon,
只有撞击坑 nothing but impact craters.
当我们看到卡里斯托时 And when we saw Callisto,
基本上就像经历了千锤百炼，是吧 basically it's totally hammered, right,
它充满了撞击坑 it's saturated with impact craters.
盖尼米得则显示了很多有趣的凹槽和脊 Ganymede shows a lot of interesting grooves and ridges,
但它的撞击坑也很厉害 but it's pretty blasted with impact craters.
每个火山口都持续了亿万年 Every crater lasts for eons
因为没有力量来重新塑造地面 because no forces were present to resculpt the surface.
前两颗卫星都是处于休眠状态 The first two moons were dormant worlds.
然后我们进入到其它两颗 And then as we went into the inner two.
你看不到任何一个的陨石坑 You could not see craters on either one of them.
真的是鼓舞人心 Well, this was encouraging,
因为现在我们认为也许在任务中 because now we think maybe this mission
将会发现更多的多样性 is going to find a lot of diversity.
看着这颗台球般光滑的欧罗巴 Discovering this billiard ball smooth icy crust
它上面的冰壳与裂缝 of Europa with cracks in it
看起来像是冰一样的板块 and what looked like plates of ice
之间还可能会相互移动 that might be moving relative to each other,
最好的解释就是 the best explanation for that
有一层厚厚的液态水，咸水 is that there's a thick ocean of liquid water, salty water
在冰盖下面 underneath that icy crust.
比整个地球上的水还要多 More ocean water than on the entire Earth,
大概是两到三倍 probably two or three times.
这颗绕着木星的卫星 It's the largest ocean in the solar system
有着太阳系中最大的海洋 in a moon going around Jupiter.
自然而然的 And then of course, you know,
随着旅行者号的精彩节目，我们来到了伊奥 kind of the showstopper for Voyager, we get to Io.
伊奥，伊奥是节目中的重要嘉宾 Io, of course, Io was the star of the show
直到遇到它之后我们才知道 and we didn't learn that until after the encounter.
每一个人都回家去了 Everyone had gone home,
而琳达·蒙娜碧，一位工程师 and Linda Morabito, an engineer whose job
她的工作就是找出航天器的位置和轨道 was to find out the positioning and the orbit of the spacecraft,
她注意到了伊奥的图像有一些颠簸 noticed some bumps on images of Io.
我在这项任务里 I was on the mission
是一名任务导航员 as a mission navigator,
而我们的工作只是回过头 and our job involved just looking back
越过航天器的肩膀看看 over the shoulder of the spacecraft
说，好吧，还有一张木星的照片呢 to say, OK, one more picture of the realm of Jupiter,
所以说这不是优先级别的工作 so it wasn't high-priority work.
这是一个光学导航图像 It was an optical navigation image,
而琳达在图像的边缘上看到了奇怪的东西 and Linda saw this strange thing on the limb.
一个巨大的物体出现了，非常巨大 An enormous object emerged, enormous.
我第一件事就是对自己说...那是什么 And the first thing I said to myself... What is that?
而我看起来就像另一颗卫星 And I'm like it looks like another satellite
出现在伊奥的图像背后 in the picture emerging from behind Io.
这个大小的物体，在这范围，在这距离 An object that size, at that range, at that distance,
如果从地球上看，它也足夠的大 would have been seen from Earth, it was sufficiently large.
我确信，这事情只有我知道 I felt with certainty, it's the only thing I knew,
我看到了以往从未见到过的东西 that I was seeing something that had never been seen before.
这一个伞形羽状 This was an umbrella-shaped plume
在伊奥的地表上升到了250公里 rising 250 kilometers above the surface of Io
这是火山活动 with volcanic activity.
我发现了第一个火山活跃度 I found the very first evidence of active volcanism
超越了地球的证据 on a world beyond the Earth.
很难相信一颗小卫星 It was so hard to believe that a little moon
存在着10倍于地球的火山活动 could have 10 times the volcanic activity of Earth,
太阳系中唯一已知的活火山 which was the only known active volcanoes
是在地球 in the solar system were here on Earth.
然后还有伊奥 And then there's Io.
突然间，我们意识到 Suddenly we had realized
这将是我们不同寻常的旅程 this was a different journey we were on.
伊奥的火山可以喷射出的 Io's volcanoes can shoot lava
超过200英里熔岩 over 200 miles into space.
这些喷发都是来自于木星的重力 These eruptions are powered by Jupiter's gravity,
它不断地压缩和释放卫星 which endlessly compresses and releases the moon.
我想说另外一件事 I wanted to say one other thing,
我们一直都在设想一些有趣的方式 we've been saying that perhaps there's some funny way
可能木星会吞噬所有的东西 in which Jupiter gobbles up all the things that are coming in
不让伊奥受到任何撞击 and doesn't let Io be hit by any.
嗯，我們瞄准了一个航天器并离得非常近 Well, we aimed a spacecraft and went very close,
如果我没对准就可以造成打一个撞击坑了 and had we missed we would have made the first impact crater.
这次飞越基本上用了一周 The flyby is basically a week-long affair
而在这是一天24小时 that's 24 hours a day.
非常紧张 It's intense.
30秒内将有一个旅行者号的 There will be a Voyager report
报告 in 30 seconds.
即时科学 Instant science,
因为那天晚上将会有一个新闻发布会 because there's going to be a press conference that night.
一张照片传下来后 This picture comes down,
你有三个小时来搞清楚究竟是怎么回事 and you've got three hours to figure out what's going on
然后向全世界公布 and then tell the world about it.
呵呵~ Oh, no pressure there, right?
在生物学的范围这已经成为 The confines of being a piece of biology
了另一种方式 got in the way of that.
我的意思是，你饿了，你累了 I mean, you got hungry, you got tired, you know,
你不得不去一下洗手间 you had to go to the bathroom,
我的意思是，你会去想念某些东西 I mean, you're going to miss something,
你不想错过任何东西 you don't want to miss anything
因为每48秒一个新的图像就会传下来 because every 48 seconds a new image would come down.
在这次飞越中 No one got any sleep during one of these flybys
没人睡过一觉 when the spacecraft would go zooming past.
照片实验室昼夜工作 The photo labs were working day and night,
而人们睡在车里 and people were sleeping in their cars.
这实在是太令人兴奋了... It was just way too exciting to... to sleep.
在与木星相遇期间 During its Jupiter encounter,
旅行者号展示了另一个巨大行星的特征 Voyager revealed a feature of the giant planet
之前从未见过 never seen before.
木星的某些地方都与闪耀的邻居 Jupiter had something in common
颇有几分相似，土星 with its flashier neighbor, Saturn.
负责相机的工程师走进来 The engineer in charge of the camera came in,
你都做了什么 and he was like, Candy, what have you done?
我们的相机都出了什么问题 What is the matter with our camera?
我过去看了看，啊啊！它是木星环 And I looked at it and went, ah, it's Jupiter's ring.
它成了从你的相机破裂 It went from being you've broken the camera
到，“这是第一张照片木星环的照片” to, "This is the first picture ever of Jupiter's ring."
木星是游戏规则的改变者 Jupiter was a game-changer.
木星重置了所有的记录仪 Jupiter reset all the registers.
现在我们算是有了一些像样的东西了 Now we're really up for something.
并且我们知道 And to know that this was just
这段旅程才刚刚开始 the very, very beginning of this journey.
如果我们被木星推着走 If we're blown away by Jupiter,
我们就等待着到达土星 just wait until we get to Saturn.
到达土星的旅程还将需要一年多 The journey to Saturn would take over a year
而旅行者号和它的信息 and bring Voyager and its message
也将会更接近其它的恒星 one tiny step closer to other stars
在某处，如果有可能的话 where, just possibly,
聪明的外星人可能会发现它 intelligent aliens might discover it.
“金唱片”包含了一条座头鲸的叫声 The Golden Record contained the call of a humpback whale
以及55种人类语言的问候语 and greetings in 55 human languages.
大多数都在康奈尔大学录制 Most were recorded at Cornell University,
天文学教授卡尔·萨根就在那里 where Carl Sagan was professor of astronomy.
我的父亲是卡尔·萨根 My father was Carl Sagan,
而我母亲是琳达·萨尔茨曼·萨根 and my mother is Linda Salzman Sagan,
她是一名作家和艺术家 and she's a writer and an artist
她设计了标志性的先驱者镀金铝板 and she designed the iconic Pioneer plaque,
她实际上还画画 she actually drew it,
她还把所有的问候语 and she's the one who got all the greetings
都记录在了旅行者号的“金唱片”里 for the Voyager Golden Record.
我喜欢想起她，她把各种对星星的 I like to think of her, that she kind of put together
问候语编辑得像合唱团一样 a kind of a choir of voices of greetings to the stars.
对宇宙的问候 The greetings to the universe
几乎就像原始推文，第一条推文 are almost like proto-tweets, the first tweets,
保持简短，保持简单 keep it short, keep it simple,
而且他们在录制上是有限制的 and there was a limit to what they could put on the record.
这就像是菜单 It's like kind of a tasting menu.
足以让外星人得到足够的了解 It's enough to get the aliens
我们是如此的多元化 to understand that, um, we're diverse.
我父母想让一个孩子 My parents wanted a child
发出一些声音 to have a voice of one of the voices,
有一天他们来找我 and they just came to me one day
说，尼克，如果你想留言给外星人 and said, Nick, if you'd like to leave a message to aliens
如果它们恰好存在 if they happen to exist,
你想对它们说什么 what would you like to say to them?
你好，来自地球的孩子们 Hello from the children of planet Earth.
“噢，你好，来自地球的孩子们，” "Oh, hello from the children of planet Earth,"
这就是我对外星人说的话 that's what I would say to aliens.
他们喜欢这样，这很好，录下来吧 They loved that, and so it's like great, let's record you.
这有点模糊 It's a bit of a blur.
我记得唯一的一件事好像是 Like the only thing that I know that I remember from that time
那些旋钮和录音电平 is those knobs and the little recording level
如果你说得太多，就会变成红色的 that goes into the red if you speak too much,
这是70年代了，有点，嗯... this 70s, kind of, um...
所以我记得 so I remember that,
我记得当我说话的时候看到针头在移动 and I remember watching the needle move as I spoke
看着它，噢，接近红色 and seeing where it got, oh, that got close to the red
但实际上没有接近 but actually didn't go into the red,
好吧，大概还不错 OK, that's probably good.
就是这样子了 And that was that.
然后，喝着我的苹果汁 And then I, you know, drank my apple juice
继续回去看我的书 and went back to my books.
直到不久之后 It was really not till considerably later
它的意义才开始影响着我 that the kind of enormity of what that meant actually hit me.
这就提出了一个问题 Well, that brings up the whole question,
有没有人在那里 is there anybody out there?
听，有，给或拿 Listen, there are, give or take,
银河系中有2000多亿颗恒星 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
宇宙中有大约有2000多亿个星系 There are about 200 billion galaxies in the universe,
至少在我们所知道的宇宙中 or at least in the universe we know about.
这是一个相当小的航天器 It's a pretty small spacecraft,
而这是一个相当大的宇宙 and it's a pretty big universe.
如果你拿着一条吸管 If you take a piece of sky the size of a soda straw
对着北斗星 up there in the Big Dipper
那么那一小块的空白我们可以认为 in that tiny piece of what we thought was blank sky,
有数千个星系 there's thousands of galaxies.
而每一个星系 And each one of those galaxies
充满了数十亿颗恒星 is filled with billions of stars.
这只是一条吸管 That's just the soda straw,
那么现在你想像整个天空 and now you imagine the whole sky filled
充满了成千上万个星系 with thousands upon thousands upon thousands of galaxies,
每个都有数十亿颗恒星 each of which is billions and billions of stars,
在那里存在着很多的可能性 there's a lot of possibility out there.
一定会有其他的文明 There has to be other civilizations,
这些数字无可辩驳 the numbers just compel it.
几乎无法统计到 It would be almost statistically impossible
有其他生命形式 for there not to be other life forms
和其他进化到智能的 and other life forms that have evolved
生命形式 to a state of intelligence.
但是一个聪明的外星人 But the chance that an intelligent alien
可能遇到旅行者号的机会也取决于另一个因素... might encounter Voyager also hinges on another factor...
无垠的空间 the sheer vastness of space.
你会认为空间越大 The bigger you think space is,
找到它们的可能性就越小 the less probable it is you're going to find them
因为它们是无限的干草堆中的针 because they're needles in infinite haystacks.
你想一下我们的星系是有多空 If you want to realize how empty our galaxy is,
离得最近的星系是仙女座 the nearest galaxy to our own is Andromeda,
它距离我们大约两百万光年 it's about two million light years away.
它现在正处于与我们碰撞的过程中 It's on a collision course with us right now,
而五十亿年后 and in five billion years
这个星系就会和我们的星系碰撞 that galaxy's going to collide with our own.
你会说，噢，不，噢，不 And you might say, oh, no, oh, no,
但外面的空间，即使在我们的星系 but it turns out space is, even in our galaxy,
它依然相当的空 it's mostly empty space.
当两个星系相互碰撞时 When our two galaxies collide,
几乎没有恒星会与其它恒星产生撞击 almost no stars will hit any other star.
那里有很多的空间，很多的空间 There's just a lot of room out there, a lot of room.
一旦你开始进入天文尺度 Once you start getting into the astronomical scales,
我们的太阳系就变得很小 our solar system is pretty tiny,
所以旅行者号的探险 and so this adventure of Voyager
是那么的遥不可及 which seems so remote and distant
小型航天器到达的巨型行星 for this little spacecraft to go out to the giant planets
真的只是当你开始考虑宇宙的尺度后 is really just exploring the tiniest closest neighborhood
能探索到的最小最近的邻居了 when you start thinking about cosmic scales.
距离几乎难以估算 The distances are almost unfathomable.
这些都是能够建造发射飞行的 These were the fastest spacecraft
最快的航天器了 that had ever been built and launched and flown,
他们以每秒十英里的速度飞行 and they're travelling at ten miles per second.
你甚至都看不到它，对吧 You wouldn't even see it, right?
然而，即使在那些 And yet, even at those
地球标准速度下难以估算的距离 unfathomable by Earth standard speeds,
也需要几十年，几十年才能飞出去 it takes decades, decades to get out there
进入外太阳系 into the outer solar system.
我想知道答案，我们是唯一的吗 I'd like to know the answer, are we alone?
我想知道这个问题的答案 I'd like to know the answer to that question.
与外星生命间隔最大的 The big division with extraterrestrial life
不是空间，而是时间 is not space, it's time.
在我们的星系中，太阳还相对年轻 In our galaxy, our sun is relatively young.
星系大约有120亿岁 The galaxy's about 12 billion years old,
我们的太阳约四十五亿岁 our sun's four and a half billion years old,
这里有很多年老的恒星 there are many stars that are a lot older,
因此，你可以想象某些文明 therefore, you could have imagined some civilization
在过去的四十五亿年里围绕着这颗恒星并 around such a star that might have watched our Earth form
看着我们的地球 over the last four and a half billion years.
那么，在过去的四十五亿年里 Well, over that last four and a half billion years,
智慧生命的唯一证据 the only evidence of intelligent life
就在过去的五六十年里 would have been in the last fifty or sixty years
通过观看《星际迷航》或《我爱露西》 by watching Star Trek or I Love Lucy
或者我们发出的任何信号，所以即使你知道 or whatever signals we sent out, so even if you knew,
即使有人告诉你看看那颗恒星 even if someone told you look at that star,
然后再看看恒星的第三块岩石 and then look at the third rock from that star,
那就是你要去寻找生命的地方 and that's where you're going to find life.
即使他们知道要找的是哪一个目标 Even if they knew which object to look for,
在50亿年里也要差不多50年的时间 there's only a 50-year period over five billion years almost
在那里你才能够找到智慧生命 where you'd be able to find intelligent life.
如果我们是孤独的，那么我们就是独一无二的 If we're alone, then we're truly unique,
然而这是怎么回事为什么是我们 and how did that happen and why us
我们是这么的特别 and how are we so special
并且在宇宙中这样一种 and yet in such a kind of far-flung
单调乏味的遥远的地方 kind of humdrum part of the universe?
如果我们不是孤独的，我们怎么到这里的 And if we're not alone, how did we all get here
我们可以从这些群体之中了解自己吗 and can we learn about ourselves by these other groups out there
他们喜欢什么 and what are they like
他们是我们梦想中的生物还是我们的噩梦 and are they the creatures of our dreams or our nightmares?
1980年秋天 In the fall of 1980,
旅行者号第一次近距离观测土星 Voyager got its first close views of the planet Saturn.
我们刚开始的图像 We started off with images
大概还不如你在地面上 that were probably no better
得到的更好 than what you can get from the ground,
随着你越来越靠近 and then it keeps getting better and better and better
它就变得越来越好 as you get closer and closer.
当我们真的接近时，我们会看到什么呢 What are we going to see when we get really close?
在望远镜里的土星环 Having seen Saturn in a telescope with the rings
看起来就像是它的两只小耳朵 just looking like these little tiny ears on either side,
现在可以看到它漂亮的细节了 to now seeing detail and the beauty of Saturn's rings,
看起来像是 you know, looking like,
留声机唱片上的凹槽 almost like the grooves on a phonograph record.
土星环里，都是些什么 The rings of Saturn, what are they?
数十亿的冰粒，有些跟房子的大小一样 Billions of icy particles, some the size of a house.
它非常的巨大，比很多个串起来的地球还要大 They're enormous, much wider than many Earths strung together
但却不到一公里厚 but less than a kilometer thick.
我们到达那里接着就发现 We get there and we find
整个环就像是一场暴风雪 that it's a blizzard of features throughout the rings,
它非常之复杂 and it got very complex.
我们变成了瘾君子... We become junkies who...
就是你如何成为一个飞越行星的瘾君子 This is how you become a planetary flyby junkie,
因为你已经经历过了 it's because you've gone through one of them
你只知道这是最好的感受 and you just know it's the greatest feeling
你想继续保持着一遍又一遍 and you want to keep doing it again and again.
土星最大的卫星 The largest moon of Saturn,
泰坦是最特别的地方 Titan's the most extraordinary place.
有着浓密的甲烷 There's a dense methane atmosphere
那里复杂的有机化学已经持续了 where a complex organic chemistry has been going on
将近数十亿年之久 for perhaps billions of years,
而更多惊人的发现正等着我们 and we are in a moment of extraordinary discovery.
我们让两个航天器的程序 We had both spacecraft programmed
在土星上做着相同的任务 to do identical missions at Saturn,
这是关于泰坦的主要任务 and that was the prime mission and it involved Titan.
泰坦有着巨大的科研价值 There's a huge amount of scientific interest in Titan
因为很多人认为，在我们自己的历史早期 because many people think that early in our own history,
我们自己的星球可能就是这个样子 our own planet may have been like that
氧气很少，大量的碳氢化合物 with very little oxygen, lots of hydrocarbons,
非常的厚，各种各样的，烟雾弥漫着 very thick, different, smoggy atmosphere
这个星球上的生命发生了剧变 that was changed dramatically on our planet by life,
所以如果你想了解最初的状态 so if you want to understand the starting conditions,
就去研究泰坦 go study Titan.
如果旅行者1号在泰坦上有所收获 If Voyager 1 was successful at Titan,
旅行者2号，九个月后到达土星 Voyager 2, which is nine months behind going to Saturn,
将继续去天王星和海王星 would be free to continue to Uranus and to go on to Neptune.
但它取决于旅行者1号的成功 But it depended upon Voyager 1 succeeding at Titan.
因为旅行者1号不得不在特定的轨道 Because Voyager 1 had to be in a certain place
才能通过泰坦 in order to pass Titan,
它不可能去天王星和海王星 it couldn't go on to Uranus and Neptune.
没有办法偏向轨道 There was just no way to bend its trajectory
去其它的地方 to go anywhere else.
旅行者2号将完成同样的事情 Voyager 2 would have done exactly that same thing
如果旅行者1号失败的话 if Voyager 1 had failed,
我们会像这样走，不去其它行星 we would have gone like this, no more planets.
这真的很难 That would have been really tough.
尝试再次去泰坦而放弃另外两个世界... You gonna try for Titan again and give up two other worlds...
天王星和海王星 Uranus and Neptune?
所以旅行者1号有很大的压力 So there was a lot of pressure on Voyager 1.
大多数我们看到的 Mostly what we looked at
是一个巨大的棕色烟雾球 was a giant ball of brown smog
在上面有一些电光蓝霾 with some sort of electric blue hazes above it.
用旅行者号的相机 With the Voyager camera,
你无法穿透这些云层和阴霾 you couldn't see through the clouds and haze.
但是航天器的无线电信号 But the radio signal from the spacecraft
透过了卫星的大气层 passed through the atmosphere of the moon,
并测量了表面压力 and that gave them a measure of the pressure at the surface
以及表面温度 and also the temperature at the surface,
所以我们从无线电的信号中了解到了很多关于泰坦的信息 and so we learned a lot about Titan from that radio signal.
旅行者1号揭示了一个 Voyager 1 revealed a world
零下300华氏度 at nearly 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit
烟雾弥漫的大气之下 that might have lakes of liquid methane
可能会存在液体甲烷湖泊世界 under its smoggy atmosphere.
旅行者1号成功了 Voyager 1 had succeeded.
不久之后，NASA总部同意 And shortly after that, NASA Headquarters agreed
我们应该继续让旅行者2号 that we should continue with Voyager 2
在天王星轨道之上 on its Uranus trajectory.
旅行者1号，它的行星任务结束了 Voyager 1, its planetary mission over,
加速离开行星径直的飞去 sped away from the plane of the planets.
旅行者2号...为了获得天王星的轨道... Voyager 2... in part to get on its trajectory to Uranus...
必须冒着危险靠近土星环 would have to fly dangerously close to Saturn's rings.
我们正从旅行者2号获取图片和其他数据 We're getting pictures and other data back from Voyager 2.
但在某个时间点，它必定会走到行星的背面 But at some point in time, it had to go behind the planet,
然后无线电信号就被阻止发射到地球上 and that blocks us from getting radio signals to the Earth,
而恰好是在午夜里 and that happened to be in the middle of the night.
在一段时间，几个小时里 It was a period of time, several hours,
大家都知道我们会 that everybody knows we're going to be
与航天器失去联系 out of contact with the spacecraft.
每个人都期待着开香槟的瞬间 Everybody's expecting to pop champagne corks
然后说嘿，干得不错 and say hey, we made it,
所有的数据都在磁带录音机上 and all the data's on the tape recorder
因为它不能传回到地球 because it couldn't be transmitted to the Earth,
而相反的它突然弹出了另一边 and instead it pops out of the other side,
所有那些疯狂错误的信号 and there's all these crazy error signals
都来自航天器 coming from the spacecraft.
发生了一些不妙的事情 Something bad has happened.
发生了一些事情 Something happened
在绕过环平面的时候 right around ring-plane crossing,
传回来的图像都是空白的 and the images that were coming back were blank.
人们认为也许是在 People thought maybe it crashed
土星环中撞毁了 into the rings of Saturn.
是这样吗，它是死了吗 Is this it, is it dead?
OK.
女士们，先生们，我们可以开始简报了 Ladies and gentlemen, we can start the briefing.
我想做一个简短的声明 I wanted to make a very brief statement.
我们确实在旅行者2号航天器上遇到了问题 We do have a problem on board the Voyager 2 spacecraft.
航天器有问题 The spacecraft has a problem.
扫描平台的操作机制 The scan platform operating mechanism
无法正常运行 is not operating properly.
确认我们这里以下的 Make sure we understand where we're headed
仪器都安装在了平台上 for the following instruments are mounted on the platform,
广角相机，窄角相机 the wide-angle camera, the narrow-angle camera,
红外仪器，紫外线仪器 the infrared instrument, the ultraviolet instrument
和光偏振仪 and the photopolarimeter.
扫描平台冻结 A frozen scan platform
可能是其致命的，瘫痪的原因 could be a fatal, crippling event.
是的，这是这个任务中 Yeah, that was the darkest, the darkest day
最黑暗的一天 of the whole mission.
有间接证据... There is circumstantial evidence...
我进到了会厅 I came into the auditorium,
每个人的脸上只有阴沉 and there was just gloom on everybody's face.
你开始猜到了 You're beginning to speculate.
我很快就知道发生了什么 I quickly learned what had happened.
扫描平台已经冻结了 The scan platform had frozen.
问题不在于相机 The problem is not with the camera,
它与铰接平台 it's with the articulated platform
所以的仪器一起移动 that moves all of the instruments.
我们的相机，据我们所知，还能正常工作 Our cameras, as far as we know, are working just fine,
只是我们拍的照片还是空白的 it's just that we're taking lots of pictures of black space.
土星任务的其余部分 The rest of the Saturn mission
天王星和海王星都没了 and Uranus and Neptune were dead.
眼睁睁看着我们计划的一切都没了 And seeing everything that we were planning just gone,
都没了 just suddenly gone.
所有我们希望做的科学研究 All of the science that we had hoped to do,
天王星和海王星... and Uranus and Neptune...
没有其他的航天器 there were no other spacecraft
会去那里了 that were going to be going there.
这是旅行者应该做的，看来 It was up to Voyager to do it, and all of a sudden it looked
旅行者再也做不到了 as though Voyager was not going to do it.
这是毁灭性的，这是... It was devastating, it was...
所以，我们分析这些数据 So, we've analyzed the slew data.
工程队花了几天的时间 It took a couple of days
来诊断问题 while the engineering team went to work diagnosing the problem.
We are going to command an azimuth slew
and an elevation slew to the Saturn position...
原来的扫描平台 It turns out the scan platform
有个小马达来旋转它 has small motors to rotate it,
我们可以以低速运行... and we could run it at slow speed...
tick, tick, tick, tick...
中速或非常快 fast... medium speed or very fast.
我们当然想看到更多的地方 We were of course wanting to look at lots of places,
所以我们看到了很多地方 so we had the thing looking lots of places,
接着润滑油不足然后卡住了 and the lubrication wasn't adequate and it just jammed.
它被冻结得就像一辆车一样 It was frozen sort of like a car
卡在了，卡在积雪里 stuck in the, stuck in the snow.
你试图向前或者向后一点点... You try to go forward or backward little bit...
然后保持着并试图把它弄出来 lil... and keep working on it and try to get it out,
这就是我们对扫描平台所做的 and that's what we did with the scan platform.
我们会尝试向一个方向推动一点点 We would try to push it a little bit in one direction
然后它动一点点 and it would yield a little bit,
接着我们又向另一个方向推一点点 and then we'd push it in the other direction,
它可能会再多动一点点 and it would yield a little bit more,
我们就这样来来回回的 and then we kept doing that back and forth, back and forth,
那么最后呢就够润滑油 and finally that was enough
进入到齿轮里了 to get the lubrication into the gears.
它得救了航天器回来了 It was freed up and back came the spacecraft
影像系统也回来了 and back came the imaging system,
并正在退出土星 and there was Saturn on exit.
是的 Yeah.
我们正在看着土星的阴影在它的行星环上 We were looking at the shadow of Saturn on the rings,
这显然是一个荒野之地，多么疯狂的角度 and it was clearly from this wild, crazy angle.
哇。天啊，我们在土星的侧边 Wow. Holy cow, we're on the other side of Saturn.
我们觉得我们在那里 We felt like we were there.
甚至没人想到过 Nobody even thought about it.
Voyager was part of us.
旅行者号是我们的一部分 We...
所有的行星探索给了我 All of planetary exploration to me
一个关于渴望的故事，一个渴望认识我们自身的故事 is a story about longing, it's a longing to know ourselves.
一个渴望了解我们 It's a longing to understand the significance
存在的意义的故事 of our own existence.
这是渴望沟通 It's a longing to communicate,
对这里的宇宙说我们在这里，来认识我们 to say to the universe we're here, you know, know us.
你在哪里 You know, where are you?
在“金唱片”的凹槽里 In the grooves of the Golden Record
是我们给他们的另一个礼物 was another gift from us to them.
旅行者的唱片中有一组照片 The Voyager record has a set of pictures on it.
它描绘了我们的文明 It depicts our civilization,
但是我们只能选大约一百张照片 but we only had the ability to do about a hundred pictures,
这是我们能够发送的最多的数据 that was as much data as we could send,
所以这有点难度 so that was kind of hard.
这是一个蒸馏过程 It was a process of distillation.
你不能在一百张照片中 You can't describe the Earth
描绘地球 in a hundred pictures.
也不能在一千张照片中描绘地球 You can't describe the Earth in a thousand pictures,
但有什么办法可以用最少的东西 but what art is about is taking something that's small
就可以代表整体 but can represent the whole.
我们认为这非常重要 We thought it was very important
把一些人类的裸体照片放在上面 to put some pictures of humans nude on the record
显示我们的解剖结构和生理特征真的很好 to show just what our anatomy and physiology was really like.
NASA因为先驱者镀金铝板 NASA had been seriously criticized
已经受到了严重的批评 about the Pioneer plaque.
实际上有报纸编辑的信件说 There were actually letters to the editors of newspapers
NASA正在向宇宙发送猥亵的图片 saying that NASA was sending smut to space.
对于旅行者号，NASA决定不冒险 For Voyager, NASA decided to play it safe.
不过，他们给了外星人一些关于我们身体的暗示 Still, they gave the aliens some hints about our bodies.
现在已经漫游天王星五年了 Now it's five years of cruising out to Uranus.
天王星将是航天器访问到的 Uranus would be the most remote object yet
最遥远的对象 visited by a spacecraft,
甚至不知道它是那么的遥远 and it's so remote that it was not even known
直到200年前 until 200 years ago,
那是一个很大的距离 and it's a great distance out there,
如果我们直接从地球发射 and if we'd launched directly from Earth
将需要三十年才能到达那里 it would have taken thirty years to get there,
所以我们非常的幸运了 so we were very fortunate
我们可以利用木星和土星的引力上路 that we could swing by Jupiter and Saturn on our way.
我一直在琢磨这件事情 I've been trying to figure this thing out
在过去的25年里 for the past 25 years,
望远镜真的非常令人沮丧 and it's very frustrating in a telescope
看看那个小小的光盘 to look at that tiny little disc,
所以在接下来的几天将会非常激动人心 so the next few days are going to be very exciting.
我们一超越土星 Once we got beyond Saturn,
基本上工程师就抛出了规则手册 essentially the engineers threw out the rulebook
告诉我们要如何去做这项工作 and said how are we going to make this work?
我们要怎么去拍摄 How are we going to take pictures of planets
远离太阳的行星 this far from the sun?
旅行者号是NASA第一批 Voyager was the first
可以重新编程的航天器 of a class of NASA spacecraft that could be reprogrammed.
他们可以修改电脑上的东西 They could take what was on the computer
并它删除 and just wipe it away
然后给它一套全新的软件 and give it a whole new set of software.
他们让航天器像芭蕾舞演员那样旋转 They trained the spacecraft to pirouette like a ballet dancer,
基本上你想拍这张照片 basically you want to take a picture of that thing
它会很快就过去了 and it's going past you really fast,
所以你得旋转整个航天器，就像这样 so you spin the whole spacecraft and follow it like this,
即使在很暗的天王星 and so even though it was darker at Uranus
和更暗的海王星 and really dark at Neptune,
你也可以很快的把快门打开 you could leave the shutter open without smearing,
剩下的就是美丽了 and that was just beautiful.
我们知道木星和土星所有丰富的信息 We had all of the rich set of goodies
但天王星...我们不知道 from Jupiter and from Saturn, but Uranus was... was unknown.
1986年1月 In January 1986,
旅行者2号已经在天王星做好了准备 Voyager 2 closed in on Uranus.
这是到目前为止 It would be by far
最远的行星旅行 the most remote planetary encounter ever attempted.
它就像某样东西 It was like taking something
几乎是虚构的，几乎是神话的 that was almost fictional, almost mythological,
然后把它看成一个真实的对象 and then seeing it as a real object.
航天器飞过了那个像靶心一样的系统 Spacecraft flew through that system like a bull's eye
因为天王星倾斜在一边 because Uranus is tilted on its side,
看到这个美丽的蓝色甲烷蓝宝石 with this beautiful aquamarine blue methane atmosphere,
和所有这些照片 and all these pictures,
每一个人都哇喔 every single one of them is like whoa!
你可以听到人们只是在哇喔 And you could hear people just whoa!
每个人都会做些什么 And everybody would be doing something
而有人就会哇喔 and somebody would go whoa!
每个人都会转身仰望 And everybody would turn and look up.
噢，我的天哪，看看这 Oh, my gosh, look at that!
没有互联网 There was no Internet,
没有新消息流出到CNN there was no news stream going out to live CNN.
体验这种感觉的唯一方式 The only way to experience that sensation
就是一小部分的人 of being one of only a small group of people
看到光的点就变成了一个世界 who saw a point of light become a world,
体验它的唯一方式是在那个房间里 the only way to experience it was to be in that room.
大约两分钟前 Well, just about two minutes ago,
旅行者2号接近了天王星 Voyager 2 passed through its closest approach to Uranus.
新的行星环就在这里 The new ring is right here.
现在，我不... Now, I don't...
你告诉我你看不到它 you're telling me you can't see it.
我可以 I can.
Dr. Soderblom,
经你快速的说明 as you whizzed through your explanation,
我不能把这些都放一起，你能再来一遍吗 I couldn't put it all together, could you try that again?
慢一点 Slower?
更慢和更多的细节 Slower and a few more details.
我以为这够慢了 I thought that was pretty slow.
每次我们到达一个新的行星 Every time we arrived at a new planet
那里总会有惊喜 there were always surprises,
即使我们变得更聪明了 even though we had gotten a lot smarter.
例如，在旅行者号之前，所有的磁场 For instance, before Voyager, all the magnetic fields
都有磁极在行星自转轴附近 have the magnetic pole near the rotation axis of the planet,
木星如此，土星亦如此 and that was true for Jupiter, it was true for Saturn,
当我们飞到天王星时磁极却在黄道上 and then we flew by Uranus and the pole was near the equator.
有关天王星的磁层 There's been a lot of speculation
有很多的猜测 about the magnetosphere of Uranus.
它会是怎么样的 Would there be one, what would it be like?
天王星的磁层 And the magnetosphere of Uranus
远比我们所想的更不可思议和惊人... is far more weird and wonderful...
我们发现这颗行星斜向另一边 We found the planet's tipped on its side,
但磁场相对于自转轴 but the magnetic field is then tipped
又斜向到另一边 relative to the spin axis,
所以你有个巨大而扭曲的磁场 so you have this huge contortion in the magnetic field
绕着行星转，非常奇怪 as the planet spins around, just bizarre.
在这个轨道上 At that point in its orbit,
这颗行星看起来并不那么具有吸引力 the planet didn't look exciting,
个中缘由是天王星它本身 and part of that is Uranus itself,
隐藏的秘密 holding its secrets back.
那必须是, 我想, 其中之一... That had to be, I guess, one of the...
好吧，天王星挺令人失望的 well, disappointments in that Uranus
它就只剩下样子好看了 was not more photogenic than it was.
说它漂亮挺废话的 It was actually pretty blah.
啊...可怜的天王星 Ah... poor Uranus.
可怜的天王星 Poor Uranus.
在天王星遇到的大星星 The big stars of the Uranus encounter
实际上是卫星 were actually the moons.
如果你要去海王星的话 If you're going to go to Neptune,
你还需要利用天王星进行重力辅助 you still have to use Uranus for gravity assist.
天王星的重力辅助瞄准点 The gravity assist aiming point at Uranus
恰好接近米兰达的轨道 just happened to be pretty close to the orbit of Miranda.
如果天王星是最后一站 If Uranus has been the last stop,
科学家可能想去一个更大的卫星 the scientists might have wanted to go to a larger moon,
讽刺的是，我看不出有什么可以 which ironically, I don't see how anything could have been
比米兰达更有趣了... any more interesting than Miranda...
看起来就像一个混沌世界 It looked like a jumbled-up mess.
这卫星似乎是已经被撕成了碎片 This moon looked like it had been ripped to pieces
然后再重新拼了起来 and then just sort of shoved back together again.
哇！来看看这个 Whoa! Come look at this.
走到屏幕上指着说 Going up to the screen and pointing and saying,
“你看那，你看那。” "did you... look at that, look at that."
没有人为米兰达做好准备 No... nobody was ready for Miranda.
那里有巨大的悬崖峭壁和裂缝 There were enormous cliffs and gashes,
你可以看到悬崖的边缘 one of them, you can see the edge of a cliff,
它一定有十公里高 it's got to be ten kilometers tall.
米兰达的重力很弱 The gravity on Miranda is so weak,
如果你跳下悬崖的话 if you jumped off that cliff,
你可以在下去的途中看报纸 you could read the newspaper on the way down,
就当你快触底时 but when you hit the bottom
你依然是每小时一百英里 you'd still be going a hundred miles an hour,
所以大概它不是... so it probably wouldn't...
你阅读的最后一份报纸 it would be the last newspaper you read.
在天王星，旅行者号检测到了强烈的辐射带 At Uranus, Voyager detected intense radiation belts
并发现了两个新的行星环和十个小卫星 and discovered two new rings and ten tiny moons.
我们即将公布所有的结果 We were just about to present all our results,
我们要有一次 we were all about to have
最终结果的新闻发布会和... the big final finale press conference and...
早餐回来 came back from breakfast,
我去看了正在发射的航天飞机... and I went to go watch the shuttle being launched...
主发动机启动... We have main engines start...
4...3...2...1...起飞 4... 3... 2... 1... and lift-off!
第25次航天飞行任务升空 Lift off of the 25th space shuttle mission,
清理发射塔 and it has cleared the tower.
...我们认为，OK，很好 ...and we thought, OK, great,
我们看会航天飞机发射 we'll watch the shuttle launch
然后就去到新闻发布会 and then we'll go to the press conference,
对了那是挑战者号 but of course that was Challenger.
引擎节流了 Engines throttling up.
三个引擎现在在104％ Three engine now at 104%.
挑战者号，油门加大 Challenger, go with throttle up.
明白，油门加大 Roger, go with throttle up.
人们看起来像是吓坏了 People were just like astonished.
这个喘着气，噢，天啊，你看到了吗 This gasp of like, oh, my, did you see that,
真的炸毁了吗 did it really blow up?
因为我们的会议中止了 Because we had stopped in our meeting
所以每个人都在看着 so everyone could watch it,
只有沉默，人们在哭 and then there was just silence, people were crying.
你还能说什么 Well, what can you say?
你当时就知道一群人死了 You knew right away that a bunch of people were dead.
飞行节流阀。开始吧 Flight Throttle. Go ahead.
RSO报告飞船爆炸了 RSO reports vehicle exploded.
收到 Copy.
然后他们显示重播再重播 And then of course they showed replays and replays
再重播一遍又一遍 and replays over and over and over again.
我们没有下行链路 We have no downlink.
好的，各位，只需留下电话 OK, everybody, just stay off the telephones.
确保你维护的所有数据 Make sure you maintain all your data,
开始往回拉在一起 start pulling it together.
挑战者号事故发生在 The Challenger accident happened
我们离开天王星的时候 as we were receding from Uranus.
我清楚记得随后传回来的 I have this vivid memory of picture after picture
新月状天王星的图片 of the crescent Uranus coming back
和挑战者号爆炸的重播 and the replay of the Challenger explosion,
然而这是毁灭性的 and it was just devastating.
今天是哀悼和纪念的日子 Today is a day for mourning and remembering.
南希和我为挑战者号的悲剧 Nancy and I are pained to the core
感到心痛 over the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger.
我们与全国的人 We know we share this pain
一起分担这份痛苦 with all of the people of our country.
这真的是一个国家的损失 This is truly a national loss.
我知道这很难理解 I know it's hard to understand,
但有时候痛苦的事情就是这样发生的 but sometimes painful things like this happen.
这些都是探索与发现的过程的一部分 It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery.
这是所有的机会与扩大人们的视野 It's all part of taking a chance and expanding man's horizons.
未来不属于怯懦者 The future doesn't belong to the faint hearted,
它属于勇者 it belongs to the brave.
在最近的这段时间里 During these closest approach time periods,
我们有几百名记者来到JPL we would have hundreds of reporters come to JPL,
当挑战者号爆炸时大家刚好离开 and when the Challenger exploded, everybody just left.
我们希望学习那些宇宙问题 Those cosmic questions we hope to learn
通过我们的机器 by sending our machines out,
你和我和每个孩子 the very same questions that you and I and every child
不停的问 has asked themselves.
我们从哪里来，我们是孤独的吗 Where do we come from, are we alone,
宇宙是由什么组成的，会怎样结束 what's the universe made of, how will it end?
所有这些基本问题 All of these basic questions
都驱动着科学探索 are the questions that drive science.
最后在海王星，旅行者号开始了 Finally at Neptune, Voyager has begun
这十年来最后一次 the last of a decade's worth of encounters
与外行星的相遇 with the outer planets.
还需要三年半的时间 It was another three and a half years
才会到海王星 to get out to Neptune.
他们不得不重新编程 They had to reprogram the spacecraft again,
给它，教它一些新的技巧 give it, teach it some new tricks,
在这种更暗的环境中 to work in this even darker environment,
甚至更冷的环境中工作 even colder environment.
如果我们拿着地球 If we take the Earth
作为太阳的一个天文单位，或者简称AU being one astronomical unit from the sun, or AU for short.
海王星是这个距离的30倍 Neptune is 30 times that distance.
在我们发射旅行者号时 When we launched Voyager,
没有能力从30个AU获得任何图像 there was no capability to get any images back from 30 AU.
这能力都是在发射后才有的 That capability happened all after launch.
它所涉及到的两根34米的天线 It involved taking two 34-meter antennas
我们将它们延伸了70米 and adding them to a 70-meter antenna.
收到，我​​们准备运行观测 Copy, we're ready to run that observation.
这意味着要使用新墨西哥州的甚大阵 It meant using the entire Very Large Array in New Mexico,
27个天线来收集从30个AU 27 antennas to collect the very weak signal
传送回来的非常弱的信号 that we could get back from 30 AU.
在飞越木星，土星和天王星时 The flybys past Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus
加快了航天器的速度，所以它会更快 had sped up the spacecraft too, so it's going even faster,
借着庞大的压力，一飞到底 so enormous amounts of pressure, and one shot.
1989年夏天 In the summer of 1989,
旅行者2号终于到达了冰霜巨人海王星 Voyager 2 finally came up on the ice giant Neptune.
感谢木星，土星和天王星的弹射 Thanks to slingshots at Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus,
这次旅行比没有重力助推的直接的办法 the trip was almost 20 years shorter than a direct approach,
短了将近20年 one without gravity assist.
它只是坐在 There it was just sitting
我们太阳系的边缘 out on the edge of our solar system
等候有人出来欣赏它的优美 waiting for somebody to come out and appreciate its beauty.
只是等待着那一天 Just waiting for the day
人类会到那里去，然后哇哦 that humans would get out there, and go wow!
我一直在拍摄海王星 I had been taking pictures of Neptune
从地面上我们看不了多少 from the ground where we couldn't see very much.
我在脑海里想像着它的样子 You know, in my head imagining what it might look like
看到这变成了现实，简直惊呆了 and seeing that turnedinto reality, it's a rush.
看着这个蓝色，夺目的蓝色天体 Looking at this blue, bright blue orb,
令人想起了地球 it was evocative of the Earth,
这是我们飞越的最后一颗奇异的星球 which was bizarre for the last planet that we were flying by.
我是个细致的记录员 I was a meticulous log taker
会在日志里做一些注释 and I would make little notations in these logs
会画一些图画 and I would draw little pictures,
你可以看到这个小黑点 and you could see what's this little dark spot,
明亮的云彩，我就会哇喔 bright clouds, I'm like wow!
哇喔！感叹号 Wow! Exclamation point!
我会画些图画和箭头 And I'd draw pictures and arrows.
最令人惊讶的是一个巨大的黑点 The most surprising thing was a giant dark spot.
任何人都不敢说自己会想到 Nobody had any idea that would be there.
它超大。它像是这颗行星上的一个洞 It's huge. It's like a hole in the planet.
所以我们就叫它“大黑斑” So we called it The Great Dark Spot
涉及到名称我们真的不是很有创意 because we're not very original when it comes to names.
我们必须对海王星的风暴 We had to basically make a forecast
做一个预测 of the storms on Neptune
在最后的一天让相机完成指令 in order to point the cameras during the last day,
与此同时有一场飓风 and at the same time there was a hurricane
出现在了美国东海岸 off the east coast of the US,
而天气预报员 and the weather forecasters
试图预测飓风 were trying to forecast that hurricane,
他们试图提前十二个小时预测 but they were trying to forecast it twelve hours in advance
然而他们遇到了很多麻烦 and they were having a lot of trouble
因为风暴在不断地变化 because the storm kept changing position.
而我们只是静静地在坐标纸上作图绘点 And we were just calmly plotting points on graph paper
然后说，好吧，两周后 and then said, OK, two weeks from now,
这场风暴通常都会在这里 this storm is going to be right here and it usually was.
在木星，土星和天王星 At Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus,
目标是做一次飞越 the goal was to do a flyby
将航天器带到下一颗行星 that would take the spacecraft on to the next planet.
当来到海王星 When it came to Neptune
我们知道那是我们要飞越的 we knew that that was the last planet
最后一颗行星 that we were going to fly by,
我们可以采用不同的轨道 and so we could take a different trajectory.
这让我们获得了一个非常壮观的行星环景象 This allowed us to get a really spectacular view of the rings
然后以一种相当漂亮的方式 and then look back on the system
回顾了整个系统 in a way that was quite beautiful.
想想海王星行星环的成像 Think about imaging the rings of Neptune.
他们的反射率是煤烟的两倍 They have reflectivity which is twice as dark as soot,
而落在它们身上的光 and the light that's falling on them
要比地球上的微弱几千倍 is a thousand times fainter than on Earth.
所以你有一千分之一的光 So you have one one-thousandth the light
而你试图想象的东西 and you're trying to image something
是这乌黑背景下的煤烟的两倍 which is twice as dark as soot against a jet-black background.
即使在原始图像中也可以看出一个以上的环 More than one ring can be seen even in the raw images,
所谓的圆弧 the so-called ring arcs,
而这似乎很合理也的确是 and it seemed reasonable that this was indeed the lost arc
我们成像团队在寻找的迷失的弧 that our imaging team raiders were looking for.
噢亲爱的 Oh dear!
现在你们要那啥我了，是吧 Now you're going to turn on me, right?
我们知道在海王星我们想来一次近距离飞越崔顿 We knew at Neptune we wanted a close flyby of Triton,
这是海王星周围的一个巨大的世界 which was a huge world around Neptune.
如果你在途中看着它们 If you looked at them on the way in,
他们是没有整齐排列的 they weren't lined up.
一个在上面，一个在下面 One's up here, one's down here.
那么，你打算怎么去做 And so, what are you going to do?
有一种方法... Well, there was a way...
飞过北极，非常的接近海王星 fly over the north pole, very close to Neptune
让航天器俯身，它就会往下 to bend the spacecraft so it would go down.
但这意味着要在几千英里内 But the meant getting to within just a few thousand miles
掠过云顶 of the cloud tops skimming the surface.
而且他们还不能击中，要非常的准确 And they had to hit that, you know, exactly right.
令人担忧的是 There was a lot of concern
我们不是对海王星的大气很了解 that we didn't know enough about Neptune's atmosphere
难以确保航天器不会翻滚 to really be sure that the spacecraft would not tumble.
计算只是略微的错误 Just a slight error in the calculations
没有掠过云顶 and instead of skimming across the cloud tops,
你就可以看见航天器掠过云顶时燃烧起来 you're skimming into the clouds and the spacecraft burns up.
另一种错误，你有点飞过头了 Slight error the other way, you go a little too far,
你俯身得不够，也许你一进入崔顿 you don't bend enough, maybe you run right into Triton
就坠毁了，然后任务就终结了 and crash, and that's the end of the mission.
你没有足够的时间 You don't have enough time,
你必须做出最后的最佳判断 you have to make your last best guess,
点击发送按钮 hit the send button.
如果悬挂在那个航天器上 It would have been just fascinating
一定很迷人，对吧 to be hanging on to that spacecraft, right?
掠过海王星这些美丽的蓝色云顶 Skimming over these beautiful blue cloud tops of Neptune
来到海王星的极点 and then as you come over the pole of Neptune
看到大月亮崔顿缓缓升起... seeing that big moon Triton rise up...
经过数十亿英里的旅程 After several billion miles of journey
让我们在几公里内 to get us to within a few kilometers
到达了我们需要来地方 of where we needed to be,
这是非常的不可思议 it's just absolutely remarkable.
像是穿过了一根细小针 You know, threading an incredible needle.
崔顿的南半球 Southern hemisphere of Triton
完全被氮冰覆盖着 is entirely covered with nitrogen ice,
我们飞过去，能够向下看到 and as we flew past, we were able to look down
在极冠地面的特征 at markings on the surface of the polar cap.
我们在把崔顿拼成一个球形 We were putting together a mosaic of Triton's globe,
但我们无法顺利的把它拼起来 but we couldn't get things to line up quite right.
一些黑色的条纹，两处特殊无法拼接 Some of the dark streaks, two in particular would not line up.
他两手抓头 He's like just scratching his head,
完全没有头绪不知道发生了什么 like I have no idea what's going on here.
这家伙是世界级专家之一 This guy's one of the world's experts
任何关于行星和卫星的事情都很在行 on anything having to do with planets and moons,
唯独眼前的这事不能搞清楚 and he can't figure this out.
我说，好吧，让我们把它放在一个立体观片器中 I said, well, let's put it in a stereo viewer,
红色和蓝色的眼镜 red and blue glasses.
然后将图像融合成三维模型 And the images fused into a three-dimensional model
接着喷出了这些间歇泉 and up popped these geysers.
我说天啊，这下我们知道是怎么回事了 And I said holy moly, and so we knew what we had.
这些喷柱 These plumes.
黑色喷泉喷出的这些东西 Black geysers spewing out this stuff.
从地面喷出的喷柱 The plumes extending out of the surface
看起来有数公里 for like kilometers.
我们在这世界上看到了喷发 We were seeing eruptions on a world
然而这应该只是一个冰冻渣子啊 which should have been just a frozen cinder.
在这个最后的地方我们预计 The last place we would have expected
看到的进一步的活跃，进一步的喷发 to see further dynamics, further eruptions
都来自这颗太阳系遥远的卫星 was at a moon this remote in the solar system.
只是因为一个疯狂的想法 Just because an idea's crazy,
这不一定是错的 it's not necessarily wrong.
间歇泉。火山在伊奥 Geysers. Volcanoes on Io.
在欧罗巴冰冷的地壳下 Hints of a giant ocean of liquid water
液态水暗示着有一个巨大的海洋 under Europa's icy crust.
这些特征中的每一个都是能量来源的证据 Each of these features is evidence of a source of energy.
这是我们所知道的生活的先决条件 And that's a prerequisite for life as we know it.
我们知道这是最后一颗行星 We knew this was the last planet,
旅行者号将前往 Voyager would explore
探索其余的旅程 before it headed on for the rest of its journey,
所以我认为这段时间在一起并作为一个团队 and so I think the times together as a team,
那个一起看图片，谈话 the times to look at the pictures, talk,
聚在一起的时代，变得更加的珍贵 meet together, became more precious.
我经过秘书长的书桌 I was passing by the secretary's desk
她说，噢，Candy and she said, oh, Candy,
有一位记者想跟你谈谈 there's a reporter that wants to talk to you.
他说，这个倒计时钟 And he said, the countdown clock
刚刚负数 just went from minus,
倒计时，计数 counting down, to counting up.
旅行者号现在离开海王星了 Voyager's now leaving Neptune.
他说你有什么感觉吗 And he said how does that make you feel?
在那一刻，我已经流泪了 And in that moment, I dissolved into tears.
航天器在飞过去之后 After the spacecraft went past,
它转过头来 it turned around and looked back,
那里有个美丽的新月状海王星和崔顿 and there's this beautiful crescent Neptune and Triton,
然后人们意识到 and people realized that's the end
旅行者号的行星部分到结尾了 of the planetary part of Voyager.
这是最后一次呼叫端口 That's the last port of call,
我们在太阳系中看到的物体现在已将我们远远的抛在了身后 the last thing we'll see in our solar system is now behind us.
我们可以增强一点颜色 We could have enhanced the color a bit
做一些漂亮的图片 to make a somewhat prettier picture,
但出于对旅行者号航天器的尊重 but out of respect to the Voyager spacecraft
我们决定向你展示，就像这样 we decided to show it to you just as it is.
在我看来 The way I looked at it
我们做了很伟大的事情 was gee, we did something really great.
非常，非常圆满的任务 Very, very successful mission.
有一点点催人泪下 A little weepy.
我的意思是...这项任务投入了很大的精力 I mean it's... there was a lot of energy put into this mission.
我们点火了，我们起飞了 We have ignition and we have lift-off.
多年努力的成果 Years of intense effort.
这是一场感性之旅的尽头 It was the end of a sentimental journey.
我们做到了 We did it.
我们成功了，而且这很重要 We pulled it off, and that's important.
是的 It is.
我们在JPL举行了一个大型聚会 We had a big party at JPL,
查克·贝里在那里 Chuck Berry was there,
所以这是一场很好的旅行者号欢送会 so that was a good send-off for Voyager.
摇滚时刻 Rockstar moment and sail on Voyager.
我要去睡一觉了 And I'm going to go get some sleep
或者我也许会再多跳一会舞... or maybe I'll do a little more dancing...
非常感谢你，Lou Thank you very much, Lou?
与此同时的旅行者1号 Meanwhile Voyager 1
仍然在漫游 is still kind of cruising out there,
越来越远 getting farther and farther out,
团队中的一些人 and a number of folks on the team,
包括卡尔·萨根 including Carl Sagan,
都想在我们关闭相机之前 had this idea that before we have to shut the cameras down,
让它转过来，回头朝向太阳 let's turn around, look back towards the sun
为我们的太阳系拍摄一张 and let's take a picture of our solar system
从未拍摄过的照片 unlike any that had ever been taken before.
然而实际上有人反对这样做 And there was actually opposition to it.
他们只是不想这样做 They just didn't want to do it.
他们无法理解 They couldn't get their heads around
拍照的意义是什么 what would be the point of taking a picture
地球和木星等等 of the Earth and Jupiter and so on
它们都会因此变成一颗颗小光点 because they're just going to be little points of light.
所以卡尔找到卡尔 So Carl being Carl
实际上是NASA的管理员 actually went all the way to the NASA administrator
并让他指挥喷气推进实验室 and got him to direct the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
拍摄了一系列的照片 to take this series of pictures.
绝对零科学 Absolutely zero science in it.
绝对没有 Absolutely none.
从一个独特的角度 From a unique vantage point,
距离四十亿英里远 nearly four billion miles away,
旅行者1号的相机转身回家 Voyager 1's cameras turned homeward
拍摄家庭快照 to take family snapshots.
当时是情人节，1990年 It was Valentine's Day, 1990.
当时我们在做着我们 When we did our portrait
每个行星的肖像 of each of the planets,
我是第一个看到照片的人 I was the first person to look at the pictures
我知道每一个斑点 and I knew every blemish,
所以我可以很快地去找斑点，斑点，斑点 and so I could pretty quickly go blemish, blemish, blemish,
我想，地球在哪里 and I thought, well, where's the Earth?
哪里？我们怎么可以... Where? How could we... you know?
然后我意识到有很多... And then I realized there was a lot of...
在图像里有很多有光线的条纹 there were a lot of streaks of light in that image,
我终于明白了 and I realized finally
地球就坐落在那些光线之中 that the Earth was sitting in one of those rays of light.
我只是坐在那里一会儿 You know, I just sat there for a while
只是明白了哇喔，那是地球 just kind of realizing wow, that's the Earth, you know,
那是旅行者号回头看到的地球 that's Voyager looking back at the Earth,
等我冷静之后 and then once I had sort of recovered,
我开始打电话给别人 I started calling people.
我打给Brad I called Brad.
Brad，我们做到了，打给卡尔，卡尔，我们做到了 Brad, we got it, called Carl, Carl, we got it.
打给我爸 Called my dad.
所以这个里程碑不同于 And so this is a different kind of milestone
以往的科学里程碑 than the scientific milestones we've had.
一个真正具有象征意义的... One that is really symbolic...
我是一个成像科学家，所以我第一次意识到 I'm an imaging scientist, so I first realized,
噢，这没有改变 oh, this didn't turn out
我们以为会发生这种变化的方式 the way we thought it was going to turn out,
我的第一个冲动就是拿我的手 and my first impulse is to take my hand
去擦拭灰尘，因为那里有一些灰尘 and wipe away the dust, because there was some dust on it.
那么，我想要擦掉的灰尘之一 Well, one of the pieces of dust that I wanted to wipe away
是地球 was the Earth.
不过没有关系因为在卡尔的手中 But it didn't matter because in the hands of Carl,
他把它变成了一个关于人类状况的寓言 he turned it into an allegory on the human condition.
下一张幻灯片 And the next slide.
在阳光下的地球 The Earth in a sunbeam.
在这张彩色图片上 And in this color picture
你可以看到它实际上小于一个像素点 you can see that it is in fact less than a pixel,
这是我们生活的地方，一个蓝点 and this is where we live, on a blue dot.
在那个蓝点上 On that blue dot,
你所知道的每一个人和你听说过的每一个人 that's where everyone you know and everyone you ever heard of
以及每一个居住在这里的人 and every human being who ever lived
都过着自己的生活 lived out their lives.
我认为这个观点强调了我们的责任 I think this perspective underscores our responsibility
来保护和珍惜那个蓝点 to preserve and cherish that blue dot,
我们唯一的家 the only home we have.
孪生旅行者号几乎每天 The two Voyagers still communicate with Earth
仍然和地球保持通信 nearly every day.
这需要巨大的天线来检测它们微弱的信号 It takes huge antennas to detect their faint signals,
现在还少于一万亿瓦 now less than one trillionth of a watt.
航天器继续被跟踪着 The spacecraft continue to be tracked
因为它们开始了它们任务最后的一部分 as they begin the final part of their mission,
超越我们太阳系的边缘 to travel beyond the edge of our solar system,
进入星际空间 into interstellar space.
在这个从未旅行到的恒星区域之间 It's in this never travelled region between the stars
旅行者号和它的“金唱片” that Voyager and its Golden Record
将有机会被发现 will have a chance of being discovered.
当时我们正在设计旅行者号时 At the time we were designing Voyager,
星际空间，边界在哪里 interstellar space, where the boundary was,
都是完全未知的 was totally unknown.
我们看到了星际任务 We had our eyes on the interstellar mission.
我们需要助推航天器 Are we going to boost the spacecraft
以摆脱我们的太阳系并进入银河系吗 to get out of our solar system and into the galaxy?
这等于摸着石头过河毕竟没人知道究竟多远 It was a shot in the dark because nobody knew how far.
未知的海域 Uncharted waters.
太阳的磁场只能延伸到这里 The magnetic field of the sun can only extend so far,
这些气泡围绕这我们的恒星 it's a bubble around our star, all the stars have bubbles,
我们可以看到其他恒星周围的气泡 we can see the bubbles around other stars out there,
所以我们知道他们也有气泡 so we know that they have bubbles.
那我们的气泡在哪里结束 Where does our bubble end?
在海王星以外的地方 Somewhere beyond Neptune
就是我们太阳周围的气泡的边缘 is the edge of the bubble around our sun.
在日球层顶两股力相互平衡着... At the heliopause two forces balance...
太阳风向外的压力 the outward pressure of the solar wind
和星际空间的压力 and the pressure of interstellar space.
但是有多远，没有人敢肯定 But how far out it was, no one was sure.
我们一直走 We kept going
几年几年的过去 and years went by and years went by
然而我们并没有检测到星际介质 and we don't detect the interstellar medium.
整个九十年代 Throughout the 1990s,
仍然没有发现气泡的边缘 still didn't find the edge of the bubble.
整个零零代 Throughout the 2000s,
仍然没有发现气泡的边缘 still didn't find the edge of the bubble,
旅行者1号最终在2012年 and then finally in 2012 Voyager 1,
这是最快的，这是最远的 which is going the fastest, which is the farthest,
开始看到了这些有趣的事情发生了 started to see these funny things happen
一些弯弯曲曲的线条 to the squiggly lines.
这些疯狂的尖状物 This crazy spike.
然后大家都过去看，噢，是它吗 And everybody goes, oh, is that it?
接着它恢复了正常 And then it goes back to normal.
然而这只是字面上神奇的一天... And then it was just literally one magical day in...
就是在2012年八月一切都变了 it was in August of 2012 that everything changed
像是噗哧...从泡沫中喷出来 and it was like pfff just... popped out of the bubble.
旅行者1号离开了我们的太阳系 Voyager 1 has left our solar system.
这是人类建造的第一件 It's the first thing built by humans
离开了我们太阳系的物体 that has left our solar system
而现在它正处于星际空间 and now it's in interstellar space.
NASA说旅行者1号 NASA says that Voyager 1
已经成为了第一个到达 has become the first man-made object
星际空间的人造物体 to reach interstellar space,
游荡在这些恒星之间寒冷黑暗的区域 the cold dark region between stars.
我们的旅行者1号已经滑到了 And we've slipped the outermost grasp
太阳系的最外层 of our solar system with Voyager 1,
这个第一个的人造物体 the first human-made object
冒险进入了星际空间 to venture into interstellar space.
实际上这是一个了不起的成就 It's a wonderful achievement, actually.
当你想起它时，这是历史性的 When you think of it, it's historic,
这是我们第一步走出了这些 it's our first step out of our bubble
基本上是永远都围绕着所有的行星 which has been around all the planets
和地球的气泡 and around the Earth essentially forever,
而现在终于有一些我们建造的小物体 and now finally some little thing that we have built
离开了这些气泡并在恒星之间 has left that bubble and is in the space between the stars.
人类就像是 It was like humanity
刚刚成为了一个星际物种 had just become an interstellar species.
就像敲响永恒之门 It was like knocking on eternity's door.
当旅行者号的能源用尽 When the Voyagers' power sources go dead
航天器就再也不能发回 and when the spacecraft can no longer send back
任何有用的信息了 any useful information,
那么“金唱片” that's really the point at which the Golden Record
就成为了任务的主要功能 becomes the primary function of those missions,
当一切都关闭时 that when everything else is turned off,
那些记录仍然漂浮在星际空间的某个地方 those records are still floating somewhere in interstellar space,
完成任务的最后一部分 completing the last part of the mission.
超越我们的先进智慧 The chance that advanced intelligence beyond us
会发现噢，嘿，有一个辐射体 would detect oh, hey, there is a radiating body
进入了我们的区域 coming into our area,
我们出去找出这个在海里的瓶子 let's go out and find out what this bottle in the ocean,
它可能有些什么信息 what message it might have.
现在还是个大谜团 Now is that a grand mystery?
喔 Whoa!
我喜欢它的乐观 I love the optimism of it,
我喜欢这些东西的想法 I love the idea that these are things
对我们有意义 that are meaningful to us,
也许你会发现他们是有意义的 maybe you'll find them meaningful, too,
假想的外星人，是的，它只是触动了我的心 hypothetical alien, and yeah, it just touches my heart.
有一件事我们知道关于这片金属唱片 One thing we know about a metal record
它这些凹槽上面的信息 with these grooves engraved on it
至少能保存十亿年以上 is that information is good for at least one billion years.
而唱片的内部 The inside of the record,
更是受到了宇宙射线的保护 which was more protected from cosmic rays,
在二十亿年以上 two billion years or more.
没有风，水，雨，风化 There's no wind, water, rain, weathering,
没有行星或彗星会碰到 there's no planets or comets that they're going to run into,
超过数千，几百万，数十亿年 and over thousands, millions, billions of years
它们都将保持不变 they're predicted to remain pretty intact.
因为没有证据表明 Because there's no proof that there's anything
旅行者号将会遇到什么 that Voyager's ever going to encounter,
最终，这是一个关于我们的故事 ultimately, it's a story about us.
旅行者号很少离开我的思绪 Voyager is rarely out of my thoughts.
总是我的一小部分 Always some little part of me
想知道今晚旅行者号在哪里 is wondering where is Voyager tonight.
每当我仰望星空时 Whenever I look up at the night stars,
我都会看着它们到过的方向 I look in the direction that each of them is going.
永远都不会有像这样的一个任务 There is never going to be another mission like it.
这是它自己的第一个也是最后一个 It was the first and last of its own kind.
也许有一天，另一个可能会找到旅行者号 Maybe someday, another being might find Voyager
至少知道我们的存在 and at least know of our existence.
这不太可能，但并不是不可能 It's highly unlikely, but it's not impossible.
那小小的可能性想必也能给予我们希望 And that small possibility surely gives us hope.
当时的宇宙有什么不同吗 Is the universe any different than it was then?
没有 No.
但是我们有什么不同吗 But are we different?
绝对 Absolutely!
这些发现的激动，到达日球层顶 The thrill of the discoveries, reaching the heliopause,
完成伟大的旅行 completing the Grand Tour,
我的意思是，我们的孩子刚刚做到了 I mean man, our child has just made it.
我们是将东西 We're the generation
发送到太空的一代 that sent something out into space
这不仅仅会比我们活得久 that's not only going to outlive us,
还会比我们的恒星更久 it's going to outlive our star.
从现在开始的40亿年当我们的太阳变成一颗红巨星时 Four billion years from now when our sun turns into a red giant,
旅行者号仍然会 Voyager is still going to be trucking
穿过星群 out there through the stars,
而我们时代的歌曲将会在那里 and the songs of our time are going to be out there.
查克·贝里还在那里... Chuck Berry is still out there...
我们仍然会在那里 We'll still be out there.